【正文】 of the football match.(他生動(dòng)地描述了那場(chǎng)足球賽)(15) sick與ill：sick和ill都表示“生病的”,但是,sick可以做定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ),而ill只能做表語(yǔ)。如：We must try our best to help the poor.(我們應(yīng)該盡力幫助窮人們)The rich never know how the poor are living.(有錢(qián)人哪知窮人怎么過(guò)日子)n 七、副詞 說(shuō)明事情發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、方式等，或說(shuō)明其它形容詞或副詞的程度。如：They have already been to the UK twice.(他們?nèi)ミ^(guò)英王國(guó)兩次) / Soon the lost boy found his way back home.(不久迷路的孩子找到了回家的路)b) 頻度副詞：Sometimes I get up early.(我有時(shí)起得早)/ The workers usually have lunch at the factory.(工人們通常在廠里吃午飯) / Take this medicine twice a day.(這種藥一天吃?xún)纱?c) 方式副詞：一般放在行為動(dòng)詞之后,suddenly可以放在句首、句尾或動(dòng)詞之前。如：There you can see thousands of bikes running in all directions(方向).(在那里,你可以看到成千上萬(wàn)的自行車(chē)朝各個(gè)方向流動(dòng)) / The frightened wolf ran away.(受到驚嚇的狼逃開(kāi)了)/ He walked out quietly and turned back soon.(他悄悄地走了出去,很快又返回)e) 程度副詞：修飾動(dòng)詞時(shí),放在動(dòng)詞之前；修飾形容詞或副詞時(shí),放在形容詞或副詞之前。如：I nearly forgot all about it if he did not tell me again.(如果他不再次告訴我,我?guī)缀醢涯鞘氯? / It was so strange that I could hardly believe my ears.(它那么奇怪一直我都不能相信我的耳朵) / She got to the station early enough to catch the first bus.(她早早地趕到車(chē)站趕上了首班車(chē))f) 疑問(wèn)副詞：用于對(duì)句子的狀語(yǔ)進(jìn)行提問(wèn),位置總是在句首。How I am going to kill the cat is still a question.(我打算怎樣殺死那只貓還是個(gè)問(wèn)題)/ That is why everyone is afraid of the tiger.(那就是人人都害怕老虎的原因) / He wondered how he could do it the next day.(他不知道第二天怎樣做那事)h) 關(guān)系副詞：用來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,在從句中作狀語(yǔ)。) (2) 作表語(yǔ)：地點(diǎn)副詞一般可以作表語(yǔ),放在be等連系動(dòng)詞之后,說(shuō)明人物所處的位置。如：People now often have their festival dinners at restaurants.(現(xiàn)在的人們經(jīng)常在餐館里吃節(jié)日晚宴) / Women there were living a terrible life in the 1920s.(在二十世紀(jì)20年代那兒的女人過(guò)著可怕的日子)(4) 作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：地點(diǎn)副詞一般可以作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。) / Father kept him in and doing his lessons.(父親把他關(guān)在家里做作業(yè))[注] “動(dòng)詞+副詞”的賓語(yǔ)如果是代詞,則該副詞應(yīng)該放在代詞之后。)→He wrote it down.(他把它寫(xiě)了下來(lái)。如：Please ring me up as soon as you get to Beijing.(請(qǐng)你一到北京就給我寫(xiě)信。)[注釋] “as long / much as + 名詞”可以表示“長(zhǎng)達(dá)/多達(dá)…”的含義。)/ They stayed in the cave(山洞)as long as two weeks.(他們呆在山洞里長(zhǎng)達(dá)兩周。②“after/before+某個(gè)時(shí)刻”分別表示“在某時(shí)刻之后/之前”,此時(shí)兩個(gè)詞是介詞。如：He had an accident a week ago.(一周前出了一個(gè)事故)/ Some years later, the boy became a very famous singer.(數(shù)年后這個(gè)男孩成了著名的歌唱家)/ Have you been there before?(你從前到過(guò)那兒?jiǎn)幔?/ After a few years he gave up smoking.(過(guò)了幾年他戒了煙。) / He didn’t watch the football game. Nor did I.(他沒(méi)有看足球賽,我也沒(méi)有。)(4) enough、too、so、very、quite、very much的用法： enough (“足夠,十分”)放在形容詞或副詞之后；too(“太”)、very(“非?！?、quite(“相當(dāng)”)、so(“如此地”)等放在形容詞或副詞之前,very much(“非常”)放在動(dòng)詞之后。)/ I don’t like sweets very much.(我不很喜歡糖果)[注] very與 much的區(qū)別：very修飾形容詞、副詞的原級(jí)和現(xiàn)在分詞形容詞,much修飾形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)；much還可以修飾疑問(wèn)句和否定句中的動(dòng)詞,very不可以。如：Sometimes they go hiking in the mountains.(他們有時(shí)徒步旅行到山里去)/ I will stay here some time.(我會(huì)在這兒呆些時(shí)候的。) (6) how、what用于感嘆句的用法：對(duì)句子中的形容詞或副詞感嘆時(shí)用how,對(duì)人或事物(可能含有形容詞作修飾語(yǔ))進(jìn)行感嘆用what. 如：What a fine day (it is) today!(今天天氣真好！) / How difficult (the problem is)!((問(wèn)題)真難呀！)(7) already、yet的用法：在完成時(shí)中,already一般用于肯定句,yet一般用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句。)(8) hard與hardly的用法：hard作為副詞意思是：“努力地,猛烈地”,hardly是否定詞,意思是：“幾乎不”,一般與情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can/could連用。如：I like baseball very much.(我非常喜歡棒球)/ Do you like butter better than cheese?( / They like hamburgers best.(10) quite/what+a+形容詞+名詞”的用法：記?。孩賟uite/such/what...+a+形容詞+名詞。③rather+a+形容詞+名詞 = a+ rather+形容詞+名詞。如：How long have you been like this?(你這樣已經(jīng)多久了？)/ How often does he wash his face?(他每隔多久洗一次臉？)(12) much、more與most的用法：這三個(gè)詞除了是形容詞作名詞的修飾語(yǔ)之外,還是程度副詞,much表示“很”,修飾原級(jí)形/副,more表示“更”用來(lái)構(gòu)成多音節(jié)形/副的比較級(jí),most表示“最”用來(lái)構(gòu)成多音節(jié)形/副的最高級(jí)。如：This park is much more beautiful than that one.(這個(gè)公園比那個(gè)漂亮多了)/ It is the most instructive film I have ever seen.(這是我看過(guò)的最有教育意義的電影)(13) 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中,方式副詞一般放在be與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間。a)直接加er,est ：b)以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的,要雙寫(xiě)最后一個(gè)輔音字母,后加er,est：c)以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的,先把y改為i再加上er,est： 兩個(gè)音節(jié)或兩個(gè)以上的音節(jié)的,在原級(jí)前加more / most.(2) 不規(guī)則變化:原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)good好的better更好的best最好的well好；(身體)好的,bad,badly糟糕的,糟糕地worse更糟糕的,更糟糕地；(身體)更不舒服的worst最糟糕的,最糟糕地；(身體)最不舒服的ill(身體)不舒服的many許多的(可數(shù))more更多的；更most最多的；最much許多的(不可數(shù))；非常little少的less更少的least最少的far遠(yuǎn)的；遠(yuǎn)地farther更遠(yuǎn)的；更遠(yuǎn)地farthest最遠(yuǎn)的；最遠(yuǎn)地further進(jìn)一步的(地)furthest最深刻的(地)4. 形容詞和副詞的原級(jí)、比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的用法：(1) 講述某人/物自身的情況時(shí),用原級(jí)。基本句型：主語(yǔ)(‘A’)+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞+(much/a little/even/still)+比較級(jí)+than+第二個(gè)人物(‘B’)+….A modern train is much faster than a car.(現(xiàn)代的火車(chē)比轎車(chē)快多了) / This book didn’t cost me more than that one.(這本書(shū)花費(fèi)我的錢(qián)不比那本多) 講述兩者有差異,第一個(gè)人物不及第二個(gè)人物時(shí),用比較級(jí)。句型是：主語(yǔ)(sb./sth) + 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 +(the) +形容詞/副詞最高級(jí) +in / of ….The Changjiang River is the longest in China. / He jumped (the) highest of the three (boys).5. 關(guān)于比較等級(jí)的重要注釋?zhuān)?1) “the+比較級(jí)…,the+比較級(jí)…”表示“越…就越…”。如：It is much colder today than yesterday.(今天比昨天冷多了)/ Would you like some more coffee?(你還要些咖啡嗎？)/He did not eat any more.(他沒(méi)有再吃)(3) more than / less than分別可以理解為“多于/少于”,相當(dāng)于副詞,more than=over。如：One of the oldest houses has been burnt in a fire.(最古老的一幢房子在一場(chǎng)大火中被燒毀了)(5) “Which / Who+動(dòng)詞+形/副”句型中,如果有兩個(gè)選項(xiàng),形/副用比較級(jí),如果有三個(gè)選項(xiàng),形/副用最高級(jí)。如： Do you like the smaller one?—Neither.(小一點(diǎn)的那個(gè)你喜歡嗎？一個(gè)都不喜歡)/ Which do you like best? –All of them!(你最喜歡哪個(gè)？全部。介詞之后一般有名詞或代詞(賓格)或相當(dāng)于名詞的其他詞類(lèi)、短語(yǔ)或從句作它的賓語(yǔ),即構(gòu)成介詞短語(yǔ)。2. 介詞短語(yǔ)的句法作用：介詞短語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)形容詞或副詞,可用作狀語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)。如：He wanted to find a good job in Shanghai the next year.(狀語(yǔ))(他想來(lái)年在上海找份好工作)/ They searched the room for the thief.(他們?cè)诜块g里搜索小偷) / The letters are for you.(表語(yǔ))(信是給你的)/ Have you seen a cat with a black head and four white legs?(定語(yǔ))(你看見(jiàn)一只黑頭白腿的貓了嗎？)4. 重要注釋?zhuān)?1) this / that / these / those / last / next / a / every / each等詞構(gòu)成的時(shí)間短語(yǔ),前面不用任何介詞。如：It’s too hard for me to finish the work in only one hour.(讓我在區(qū)區(qū)一個(gè)小時(shí)內(nèi)完成這項(xiàng)工作太難了)/ The house is big enough for 10 men to live in.(房子夠大的可以容10個(gè)人住)(3) of有時(shí)用來(lái)表示后面的人物正好是前面的表語(yǔ)的邏輯主語(yǔ)。a) 當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)是疑問(wèn)詞時(shí)。He has a younger brother who he must take good care of.(他有 一個(gè)需要他照顧的小弟。I finally found a chair to sit on.5. 某些介詞的用法辨析：(1) in、on、at：表示時(shí)間時(shí), in表示在一段時(shí)間里(在將來(lái)時(shí)句子中則表示在一段時(shí)間之后), on表示在具體的某一天或者某天的上下午等, at表示在某個(gè)時(shí)刻或者瞬間； 表示地點(diǎn)時(shí), in表示在某個(gè)范圍之內(nèi), on表示在某個(gè)平面上或與一個(gè)面相接觸,at則表示在某個(gè)具體的場(chǎng)所或地點(diǎn)。如：He said that he would be here after 6：00. / My father is ing back from England in about a month. e的進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái)(3) since與for表示時(shí)間的用法區(qū)別：“since+(具體時(shí)刻/that從句)”表示“自從…起一直到現(xiàn)在”,“for +(一段時(shí)間)”表示“總共有…之久”,都常用于完成時(shí)態(tài)；如：Uncle Li has worked in this factory since 1970. / Uncle Li has worked in this factory for over 30 years. (4) by、in與with表示方式的用法區(qū)別： by主要表示“乘坐”某個(gè)交通工具或“以……方式”,在被動(dòng)句中可以表示動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者；in表示“使用”某種語(yǔ)言/文字,with表示“使用”某個(gè)