【正文】 r cover 隱藏著 under the cover of 在……的掩護下，趁著 The book with a hard cover is more expensive. 精裝書比較貴 Flood water covered the fields by the river. 洪水淹沒了河邊的田地。 The chief editor sent a reporter to cover the event. 主編派記者去報道這一事件 find out常用來指“弄明白、搞清楚、查出（某一真相）”，作“發(fā)現(xiàn)”講時，是指發(fā)現(xiàn)一種無形而隱藏的東西。ll find out the answer to the question. 仔細想想，你就會找到問題的答案 He uncovered the famous picture. 他揭開了那幅名畫的覆蓋物 14. work n．作品；成果；制品 v．運轉；開動；工作 Almost everyone39。 This vase is a wonderful piece of work. 這個花瓶是一件了不起的作品 He likes 0. Henry39。但當表示“克服（困難）；解決（難題）”時，較傾向于用work at；在表示“致力于創(chuàng)作或制造時”，較傾向于用work on It39。s working at/on a new novel. 據(jù)說他正在寫一部小說 He liked to work at difficult problems in maths. 他喜歡解數(shù)學難題。（最大只有五歲） The little boy is no more than five years old. 這個小孩只有五歲。 one作主語時，謂語動詞用復數(shù) Many a student likes playing football. 不止一個學生喜歡踢足球。 16.“由于，因為”的幾種表達方式 because＋從句 because of＋n . thans to十n. owing to十n. due to＋n. as a （the）result of十n. on account of十n. (1) because為從屬連詞，后跟一個完整的句子構成原因狀語從句而because of則是一個介詞短語，后接名詞或動名詞 He didn39。 He was punished by his teacher because of his cheating on exams. =He was punished by his teacher because he cheated on exams. 他因考試作弊受到老師的懲罰。 多虧了醫(yī)生，我母親才一天天康復起來（感謝的口吻） Thanks to your help，I passed the test. 幸虧有你的幫助，我通過了剛驗〕（正面意思） (3) owing to意為“由于，因為”，在句中通常用作狀語，可置于句首或句末。 He was late as a result of the traffic jam. 由于交通阻塞，他遲到了。 The train was delayed on account of a heavy snow. 由于一場大雪火車來遲了。 〔注意〕(1 )such放在名詞前時，這個名詞帶或不帶形容詞都可以。 （2）such一般用來加強語氣，強調名詞或形容詞的意思。 He is such a lovely student as every teacher likes. 他是如此可愛的學生，以致于每個老師都喜歡他 Such things a, you have bought are not good value for money. 你買的這些東西根本不值所花的錢。18. Between France and Spain is another mountain rangethe Pyrenees. 法國與西班牙之間橫亙著另外一條山脈庇里牛斯山。 Beyond the river lives an old fisherman. 有個老漁夫住在河的對岸： 所謂完全倒裝，就是將謂語動詞置于主語前。完全倒裝一般有以下四種情況： (1)以here等副詞開頭引出的完全倒裝此時，①句子主語必須是名詞；②謂語動詞通常是be,e , go, run, rush, fly, follow, fall等表示位移的不及物動詞，且為一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)；③其中的here ,there不是表示地點，而是用以引起對方注意。 There goes the bell．鈴響了。 (2)以表語或狀語開頭引出的完全倒裝 有時為了強調，或者為了使句子平衡，或者為了使上下文連接得更加緊密，就將表語和地點狀語（多為介詞短語）置于句首，謂語動詞也常置于主語前，構成完全倒裝。 On the top of the hill stands an old temple. 這個山頂上有一座廟。 There is a tall tree in front of the house. 這所房子前面有一裸大樹。 Once there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea. 從前，在海邊的一個村子里住著一位老漁夫。 若直接引語的部分或全部放在句首，并且說話人是名詢時，將say或ask置于說話人前，構成完全倒裝。 It is unbelievable！”said Alfred Butts. 阿爾弗雷德?布滋說，“這真叫人難以置信！” 19. There is a mountain range called the Alps. 有一座山脈叫做阿爾卑斯山脈。 called the Alps被叫做阿爾卑斯山脈，此處，called the Alps是過去分詞短語作后置定語，相當于which is called the Alps，這是一個定語從句，過去分詞作定語，表示被動和完成。 They built a monument in memory of the people killed in the war. 他們建了一座紀念碑，用以懷念在戰(zhàn)爭中遇害的人們。 (1)過去分詞表示的動作或是在謂語所表示的動作之前發(fā)生，或是沒有一定的時間性。 (2)現(xiàn)在分詞的被動式作定語時表示的動作正在發(fā)生或是與謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發(fā)生： Listen！The song being sung is very popular with the students. 聽！現(xiàn)在唱的這首歌很受學生歡迎； (3）不定式的被動式作定語時，表示一個未來的動作。s meeting is a very important one. 明天會上討論的這個問題是個很重要的問題 試比較： a house being built now一座正在被建造的房子 a house to be built next year一座要建造的房子 a house built last year一座去年建成的房子 如果兩個名詞指兩個人或物，通常每個名詞前都要加冠詞；如果兩個名詞指同一個人或物，一般只用一個冠詞。（兩個人） The driver and manager went to the pany. 經(jīng)理自己開著車來到公司。 none pron 沒有一個，無一 None of the money on the table is mine. 桌上的錢沒有一分是我的。none of the boys/the money/them中，none強調數(shù)的概念。 How many Chinese stamps do you collect? 你收集了多少中國郵票？ None一張沒有。 Nothing can stop us marching forward. 沒有什么東西能阻止我們前進 22. The expanded European Union has a population of more than half a billion people，twice as big as the population of the United States. 擴大后的歐盟擁有五億多人口，這個數(shù)目是美國人口的兩倍。 What is the population of China? 中國有多少人口？ ②表達擁有多少人口時，我們常用have a population of.... 或some place with a population of. . . 。 About 80% of the Chinese population are Han people. 中國人口的80％是漢族的人口是農民 ④修飾population這個詞，常用big, large, small，而不用much, many等。 At least，the train runs five times faster than the boat. 火車的速度至少比小船快五倍 ② A is... times as + adj. /adv．的原級＋as B This bridge is four times as long as that one. 這座橋是那座橋的四倍長 At least，the train runs six times as fast as the boat火車的速度至少是小船的速度的六倍 ③ A is... times the size/ length/ width/ height/ depth＋of ＋B This bridge is four times the length of that one. 這座橋是那座橋的四倍長 After the experiment，the plant is six times the height of what it was before． 試驗之后，植物的高度是原來的六倍 ④ The size/length/height/depth/width＋of A＋is＋… times of＋B The length of this bridge is four times of that bridge. 這座橋是那座橋的四倍長 Your room is three times as big as mine. Your room is twice bigger than mine. =The size of your room is inree times that of mine. =your room is three times the size of mine. 你房間的面積是我房間的面積的三倍 crowded freeway n．高速公路 inhabitant n．居民 similarity n．類似；相似 industrial polluted smart adj．漂亮的；整潔的；時髦的 vast ；龐大的；浩瀚的 entertainment exchange n．交換 二、詞匯拓展 hungerhungry ( adj.） humanhumanism ( n.）人道主義 educateeducation(n) unfortunateunfortunately ( adr. ) fortunately（反義詞）一fortunate ( adj.）fortune(n) transporttransportation( n.） industrialindustry ( n.）工業(yè)一industrialization( n.）工業(yè)化 四、重點句式 while引起的并列句“介詞短語／副詞＋謂語十主語”的倒裝 with復合結構 Beijing has a lot more inhabitants than Sydney. There are fewer tourists in Beijing than in Sydney。t have as much pollution as Beijing. 五、語法歸納 連詞 （一）連詞的定義 用來連接詞、短語、從句與句子的詞叫連詞。根據(jù)在句中所起的作用，連詞可分為并列連詞和從屬連詞兩類： （二）并列連詞 連接具有并列關系的詞、短語或句子的連詞叫并列連詞。 1．表示聯(lián)合關系的并列連詞 表示聯(lián)合關系的并列連詞有：and（和），both... and...（既……又…… ) , neither... nor...（既不……也不……）， not only... but also...（不但……而且…... ) , as well as（除……外……也……）。 Neither you nor he is wrong．你和他都沒有錯。 He not only had read the book but also remembered what he had read. 他不僅記得讀了那本書，而且還記得讀過的內容。 He has experience as well as knowledge.（＝He has not only knowledge but also experience.） 他既有知識，又有經(jīng)驗。 I am willing, yet unable．我心有余而力不足。( however可置句首、句中或句末） The pain was bad，still he did not ，可是他并沒有呻吟 3．表示選擇關系的并列連詞 表示選擇關系的并列連詞有：or（或），or else（否則），otherwise（要不然），either. . . or...（或，??…或……，不是……就是….. ) , rather than（而不，也不） I must work hard，or I39。 Either you or I am to blame．不是你就是我會受到批評 You can ei