【正文】 如：He was born on the morning of May 10th./ I usually get up at 7：00 in the morning. / His glasses are right on his nose. / He is at the cinema at the moment.(2) after與in：“after+(具體時刻/從句)”表示“在…時刻之后”常用于一般時態(tài)；“in+(一段時間)”表示“在(多久)之后”,常用于將來時態(tài)。) / Do you know who our teacher is talking with over there?(你知道我們的老師在那邊和什么人談話嗎？)c) 動詞不定式作定語且該動詞為不及物動詞,后面有介詞。Who are you talking about?(你們在談?wù)撜l？)b) 賓語在從句中當(dāng)連接詞時。如：It’s very nice/kind of you to do so.(你這么做真是太好了)(4) 介詞有時會與它的賓語分離,而且賓語前置。如：Every year travellers from abroad e to visit Pingyao.(每年都有國外的游客來游覽平窯鎮(zhèn))/ He had a bad cold that week.(那個星期他患重感冒)(2) for有時用來引出動詞不定式的邏輯主語,常翻譯成“對于…而言”。如：The man came down the stairs.(狀)(那個人走下樓來)/The woman with a flower on her head is from the countryside.(定)(頭上戴花的婦女來自鄉(xiāng)下)/The teacher is now with the pupils.(表)(老師現(xiàn)在和學(xué)生在一起)3. 介詞短語在句子中的位置：做狀語時可以放在句首或句尾；作表語時放在連系動詞之后；作定語時只能放在被修飾的名詞之后。有些介詞是由兩個以上的詞構(gòu)成的短語介詞,如：out of(從…中出來), because of(因為), away from(距離…), on top of(在…頂上), ever since(自從…), next to(在…隔壁), according to(根據(jù)…)等。)n 七、介詞1. 介詞的主要用法：介詞是一種虛詞,不能獨立使用。如：Who has more books, Lin Tao or Han Mei?(林濤和韓梅誰的書最多？)/ Which is the heaviest,a pig,a horse or an elephant?(豬、馬、象哪個最重？)(6) 上下文中含有both/either/neither/two/twins等表示兩個事物的詞時,用比較級,而且往往還要加the；含有all/none/no one/ every 等表示三個或三個以上事物時,用最高級。 less than=：I lived in New York for more than four months.(我在紐約生活了四個多月)(4) “one of the +最高級+名詞(復(fù)數(shù))”整個短語為單數(shù)含義,謂語要用單數(shù)形式。如：The more trees we plant,the better it will be.(我們栽的樹越多,情況就會越好)/ The harder you try,the greater your progress is.(你越是努力,進(jìn)步就越大)(2) 一般的形容詞或副詞的比較級前面可以加much/a little/even/still,而表示數(shù)量的more之前還可以加some/ any/ no/ one/ two/ many/ several/ a lot等詞。句型是：主語(‘A’) + 謂語動詞 + less+ (多音節(jié)形/副)比較級 + than + 第二個人物(‘B’) +….I think English is less difficult than maths.(我認(rèn)為英語不比數(shù)學(xué)難)/ Do you think it less important to learn a foreign language?(你認(rèn)為學(xué)外語不那么重要嗎？)(3) 講述某人/物是一群之中最突出的一個時,用最高級?；揪湫褪牵褐髡Z(sb./sth) + 謂語動詞 + (very/too/so/quite/rather…) + 形容詞/副詞原級 +….He is very old now.(他現(xiàn)在很老了) / They ran quite fast.(它們跑得相當(dāng)快)☆表示兩者之間沒有差別時,使用句型：主語(第一個人物) + 謂語動詞 + as + 形容詞/副詞原級 + as + 第二個人物 +….He is as excited as his younger sister.(他和他妹妹一樣興奮)/ Lily rode her bike as slowly as an old lady.(莉莉騎車像老太太一樣慢)/ They picked as many apples as the farmers (did).☆表示第一個人比不上第二個人時,使用句型：主語+ 謂語動詞(否定式) + as / so + 形容詞/副詞原級 + as + 第二個人物+….He is not so / as excited as his younger sister.(他沒他妹妹那么興奮) / Lily did not ride her bike so / as slowly as an old lady. (莉莉騎車不像老太太那樣慢) / They didn’t pick so / as many apples as the farmers (did). (他們摘的蘋果不如農(nóng)民多)(2) 講述兩者有差異,第一個人物超過第二個人物時,用比較級。如The runner was badly hurt.(賽跑運動員受了重傷) / English is widely spoken in the world today.(如今世界上英語說得很廣泛)3. 形容詞、 副詞的原級、比較級和最高級(1) 規(guī)則變化:單音節(jié)和部分雙音節(jié)，在原級的后面加上er,est構(gòu)成比較級和最高級。此外,much也可以修飾比較級形/副。如：I have never seen such a strange guy(家伙).(我從未見過這樣奇怪的家伙) / It is quite a nice day for a walk.(這真是散步的好日子)(11) how 的幾個短語：how often“多常,每隔多久”,用于一般時態(tài),對表示頻度的詞語進(jìn)行提問； how soon“多久以后”,用于將來時態(tài)； how long“多久”,用于過去時、完成時或其他時態(tài)； how many times“多少次”,用于過去時或完成時,對總計次數(shù)進(jìn)行提問； how much“多么,多少”,對程度進(jìn)行提問,也可以對數(shù)量(不可數(shù))或金錢進(jìn)行提問。②too/so/how+形容詞+a+名詞。如：They study English very hard.(他們英語學(xué)得很刻苦)/ You can hardly see a person spit in a public place.(在公共場所你幾乎看不到一個人隨地吐痰)(9) like...very much、like...better(=prefer)、like...best的用法：三個短語分別表示“非常喜歡”、“更喜歡”、“最喜歡”。如：Have you done it already?(你已經(jīng)做好了？) / I have not had my breakfast yet.(我還沒有吃早飯呢。)/ I will meet your father sometime.(我什么時候要見見你的父親。如：He is very stupid.(他很笨)/ The film was very moving and everyone swept.(電影非常動人,大家都哭了)/ You must work much harder or you will fail to enter the good school.(你得學(xué)習(xí)更努力,不然你考不進(jìn)那所好學(xué)校)/ I don’t like him much.(我不太喜歡他)(5) sometimes、 sometime、 some times 、some time的用法：sometimes(有時)用于一般現(xiàn)在時、 sometime(在將來某時)用于將來時、 some times(數(shù)次)表示次數(shù)、some time(一些時間)表示一段時間。如：It’s too/so/very/quite expensive.(它太貴/那么貴/非常貴/相當(dāng)貴。)/ You can also find the market is very good.(你還可以發(fā)覺那個市場很好。)(3) too、also、either、nor的用法：too(“也”)用于肯定句和疑問句的末尾,且用逗號隔開；also(“也”)用于肯定句句子謂語動詞之前；either(“也”)用于否定句末尾,也用逗號隔開；nor(“也不”)用于倒裝句句首；如：Are you American,too?(你也是美國人嗎？)/ He is not happy and I am not happy, either.(他不愉快,我也不。③ago與before：ago只能用于過去時,before用于完成時。) (2) later、after、ago、before的用法：①“一段時間+later/ago”分別表示“(多久)以后/以前”,主要用于過去時態(tài)。如：The house costs as much as five hundred thousand yuan.(那幢房子花費高達(dá)50萬元。)/ Miss Gao hurried to the school gate as quickly as possible.(高小姐盡快地趕到了校門口。)2. 有關(guān)副詞的重要注釋：(1) as…as…常構(gòu)成一些詞組：as soon as…(一旦…就…), as well as…(同樣), as+形容詞/副詞+as possible(盡可能…地)。如：He wrote down the word.(他寫下了那個詞。如：Put your dirty socks away, Jim! They are giving out bad smell!(吉姆,把你的臟襪子拿開！它們在散發(fā)著臭氣。如：I’m very sorry he isn’t in at the moment.(很抱歉,他此刻不在家)/ I have been away from my hometown for nearly 20 years.(我離開家鄉(xiāng)有將近20年了) / Jim is over there.(3) 作定語：時間副詞(如now、then)以及許多地點副詞都可以作名詞的定語,放在名詞的后面。如：This is the place where Mr Zhang once lived.(這就是張先生曾經(jīng)住過的地方)/ Please tell me the way how you have learned English so well.(請告訴我你的英語是怎樣學(xué)得這么好的方法)i) 其它副詞：如：He went to the Palace Museum and I went there,too.(他去了故宮博物院,我也去了) / Maybe your ticket is in your inside pocket.(也許你的票就在你的里邊衣袋里) / Tom doesn’t have a puter. –Nor do I.(湯姆沒有計算機(jī),我也沒有。如：When and where were you born?(你何時何地出生？)/ Why did little Edison sit on some eggs?(小愛迪生為什么要坐在雞蛋上？)/ How do you do?(你好！)g) 連接副詞：用來引導(dǎo)主語從句、賓語從句和表語從句,在從句中作狀語。但注意,enough總是放在被修飾的形容詞或動詞的后面；only位置比較靈活,總是放在被修飾的詞的前面。如：Old people can hardly walk as quickly as young people.(老年人幾乎不可能走得和年輕人一樣快) / Suddenly he saw a light in the dark cave(山洞).d) 地點副詞：一般放在句尾,但here、there還可放在句首。1. 副詞在句子中的位置以及作用：(1) 作狀語：a) 時間副詞：一般放在句首或句尾，already、just一般放在動詞的前面。如：He has been ill/sick for a long time and he is very weak now.(他病了很久,現(xiàn)在非常虛弱) Vets help treat sick pets and most of the pets’ owners like them.(獸醫(yī)幫助診治患病的寵物,很受寵物主人們的喜愛)(16) the poor(窮人們) / the rich(富人們)：“the+形容詞”這一結(jié)構(gòu)可以表示一類人物,復(fù)數(shù)含義。living：①“活著的、現(xiàn)存的”,②一模一樣的、逼真的,③相當(dāng)于lively,“強(qiáng)烈的、活潑的”；live：指東西“活的”,可以替換為living；alive：作表語,指人“活著的”,如果作定語,則放在名詞的后面；lively：①有生氣的、活潑的、快活的,②(色彩)鮮艷的,③生動的、真實的。如： She pays (e)special attention to clothes.(她非常注重著裝) / These are special chairs for small children.(這些是專門給小孩子的椅子)