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頭的詞的前面):(1) 表示某一個人或東西,但不具體說明何人或何物。如:There is a dog lying on the ground.(2) 表示某類人或事物,以區(qū)別于其他種類。如:A elephant is much stronger than a man.(大象比人強(qiáng)壯多了。)(不能譯為:一頭大象比一個人強(qiáng)壯。)(3) 表示某類人或事物中的任何一個。如:He is a teacher of English.(他是英語教師。)(4) 表示“一”這個數(shù)量。如:There is a table and four chairs in that diningroom.(5) 幾個用不定冠詞的習(xí)語:a bit(一點(diǎn)), a little(一點(diǎn)), a few(幾個), a lot (許多), a kind of(一種), a pair of(一副、一雙), a number of(大量的), a piece of (一張、一片), half an hour(半小時), have a good time(玩得開心), have a cold(感冒), make a noise(發(fā)出嘈雜聲), have/take a (rest等)等。2. 定冠詞the的用法:(1) 表示特指的人或事物。如:The man with a flower in his hand is Jack..(2) 指談話雙方都熟悉的人或事物。如:Look at the blackboard,Lily.(莉莉,請看黑板。)(3) 復(fù)述前面提到過的人或事物。如:There is a man under the tree. The man is called Robert.(4) 表示世界上獨(dú)一無二的事物。如:The earth turns around the sun.(地球繞太陽旋轉(zhuǎn)。)(5) 用在表示方位的名詞前面。如:There will be strong wind to the south of the Yangtze River.(6) 在序數(shù)詞和形容詞最高級的前面。如:Who is the first one to go?(誰第一個去?) / Of all the stars, the sun is the nearest to the earth.(在所有的恒星之中太陽離地球最近)(7) 常用在樂器名稱的前面。如:He began to play the violin at the age of 5.(8) 用在江河、海洋、山脈等名稱的前面。如:I have never been to the Himalaya Mountains.(9) 用在含有普通名詞的專有名詞的前面。如:He is from the United States of America.(10) 用在姓氏之前表示一家人。如:The Greens are going to Mount Emei next month.(11) same之前一般用the。如:Lucy and Lily look the same.(露西和莉莉看上去長得一樣)(12) 幾個用定冠詞的習(xí)語:at the same time (與此同時),make the bed(鋪床),in the end(最后),all the time(一直),by the way(順便說一下),on the way(在路上)等等。 3. 一些不用冠詞的情況:(1) 專有名詞和(第一次使用)一些不可數(shù)名詞時前面通常不用。如:China is a very large country.(中國是個大國) / Man needs air and water.(人類需要空氣和水) (2) 名詞前已有指示、物主或不定代詞作定語時不用。如:My pen is much more expensive than yours.(我的鋼筆比你的昂貴多了)(3) 周名,月名或季節(jié)名前一般不用。如:He was born on Monday, February 18,1995.(他出生在1995年二月十八日,星期一) / They usually plant trees on the hills in spring.(春天他們通常在山上植樹)(4) (第一次使用)復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示人或事物的類別時不用。如:Men are cleverer than monkeys.(5) 三餐飯前不用。如:We have breakfast at home and lunch at school.(6) 節(jié)、假日前一般不用。如:On Children’s Day the boys often get presents from their parents.(在兒童節(jié),這些男孩經(jīng)常得到父母的禮物)(7) 球類名詞前不用。如:The children play football on Saturday afternoons.(8) 城市的重要/主要建筑物名稱前不用。如:They are now at People’s Cinema.n 六、形容詞:1. 形容詞在句子中的位置:(1) 定語時放在名詞的前面,且音節(jié)少的詞放在音節(jié)多的詞之前。如:a big yellow wooden wheel(一個黃色的大木輪)(2) 表語時放在連系動詞之后。如:The price sounds reasonable.(這個價格聽起來算是合理)(3) 賓語補(bǔ)足語時放在賓語之后。如:We must try our best to keep our environment clean.(我們必須盡力保持我們的環(huán)境清潔)(4) 后置的情況:a) 修飾復(fù)合不定代詞。如:Something serious has happened to him.(他發(fā)生了嚴(yán)重的事故)b) 與表示“長、寬、高、重、老、遠(yuǎn)離”的詞連用時。如:He’s metres tall.(。)The moon is about 380,000 kilometres away from the earth.(月球離地38萬公里)2. 有關(guān)形容詞的用法辨析:(1) whole與all:① the whole + 名詞; ②all (of) the + 名詞。如:He was busy the whole morning.(整個早晨他都很忙) / He can remember all the words he learns.(他能記住學(xué)過的所有單詞)(2) tall與high, short與low:指人的個子時用tall與short;指其他事物時一般用high與low。如:He’s very tall/short. / Tall trees are standing on both sides of that avenue.(大道的兩側(cè)有高大的樹木) / A few people live on high mountains.(少量的人住在高山上)(3) real與true:real一般指東西的真假,譯為“真的”;而true則指事情或消息的可靠性,譯為“真實(shí)的”。如:This is a real diamond(鉆石) and it’s very expensive.(這是貨真價實(shí)的鉆石,非常貴) / Is that true?—Yes. I heard it with my own ears.(那真實(shí)嗎? 是的,我親耳所聽)(4) interested與interesting的區(qū)別:interesting指人或東西“有趣的”,作定語或表語,而interested則表示人對別的事物“感興趣的”,只能作表語。如:The man is very interesting and all the children like him. (這個人很有趣,孩子們都喜歡他)/ This book is interesting and you can really enjoy yourself.(這本書很有趣,你會真正獲得享受) / I am interested in science.(我對自然科學(xué)感興趣)(5) such用法: such + a(n) + 名詞(單數(shù))(+that從句)。如:I have never seen such a foolish(愚蠢的) boy.(我從來沒有見過這么蠢的男孩) / He had such a terrible accident that he could never forget it.(他遭遇了這么可怕的事故,他永遠(yuǎn)也不會忘記)(6) good與well:表示“好”時,作定語或表語用good,作狀語用well;表示“(身體)好”:Doing sports is good for us.(進(jìn)行運(yùn)動對我們有益) / Study well and make progress every day.(好好學(xué)習(xí),天天向上) / How are you?—I am very well.(你好嗎?我很好。)(7) nice與fine:nice表示令人愉快的,可以指東西、人物外表等;fine一般指身體或天氣好。如:Let’s go and share(分享) the nice cake.(我們?nèi)シ窒砟菈K美味的蛋糕吧) / She is a nice girl.(他是個漂亮的姑娘) / What a fine day!(多好的天氣!) /He’s fine recently(最近).(近來他身體不錯)(8) too much與much too:too much表示“太多的”,修飾事物數(shù)量;much too表示“太過,過分”,修飾形容詞或副詞。如:I am full because I have had too much rice.(我飽了,因?yàn)槲页粤颂嗟拿罪? / That coat is much too dear.(那件大衣太貴了)(9) quick、fast與soon:quick與fast基本同義,quick往往指反應(yīng)速度快,fast往往指運(yùn)動速度快,而soon則表示時間上很快即將發(fā)生。如:After a quick breakfast, he hurried to school leaving his bag at home.(匆匆地吃過早飯,他朝學(xué)校趕去,卻把書包忘記在家) / A train is much faster than a bus.(火車比公共汽車快得多) / His father will be back to China very soon.(他父親很快就要返回中國)(10) lonely與alone:lonely是表示心理活動的形容詞,意思是:“孤獨(dú)的,寂寞的”,作定語或表語;alone的意思是:“獨(dú)自的,單獨(dú)的”,指無人陪伴,僅作表語,(作為副詞的alone可作狀語)。如:He lives alone but he doesn’t feel lonely.(他一人獨(dú)住,但是并不感到孤獨(dú))/ He is a lonely person. You can not easily get on well with him.(他是個孤獨(dú)的人,你要和他相處好實(shí)在不易)(11) other與else: other放在名詞前;else修飾不定代詞、疑問詞、little、much,后置,另外,or else表示“否則”,是連詞。如:The other students are on the playground.(其他學(xué)生在操場上) / Who else can work out this maths problem?(還有誰能解出著道數(shù)學(xué)題?) / This is nobody else’s money. It’s mine.(這不是別的什么人的錢,是我的。) / Do you have anything else to say for yourself?(你還有什么要為自己說的嗎?(12) special與especial:表示事件不同尋常、過分或特殊時,兩個詞可互換,但special較為常用。另外,special還可以表示特別的目的。如: She pays (e)special attention to clothes.(她非常注重著裝) / These are special chairs for small children.(這些是專門給小孩子的椅子)(13) gone、lost、missing:gone表示“丟了,沒了”,含一去不復(fù)返的意思,也可以表示“死了”,作表語或賓補(bǔ),不可以作定語;lost表示“丟失”,含難以找回的意思,可作定語、表語或賓補(bǔ);missing表示“失蹤了,不見了”,強(qiáng)調(diào)某人物不在原處,可作定語、表語或賓補(bǔ)。如:My fever(高燒) is gone, but I still have a cough.(發(fā)燒消退了,但我仍然咳嗽) / The parents found the lost child at last.(家長終于找到了迷路的孩子) / My dictionary is ’s taken it away?(我的字典不見了,誰拿走了?) / For more detailed information of the missing girls, please visit our website.(如果想知道失蹤女孩們的詳情,請訪問我們的網(wǎng)站) (14) living、alive、live、lively:四個詞都來源于動詞live“生活、居住”。living:①“活著的、現(xiàn)存的”,②一模一樣的、逼真的,③相當(dāng)于lively,“強(qiáng)烈的、活潑的”;live:指東西“活的”,可以替換為living;alive:作表語,指人“活著的”,如果作定語,則放在名詞的后面;lively:①有生氣的、活潑的、快活的,②(色彩)鮮艷的,③生動的、真實(shí)的。例如:A living language should be learned orally.(活的語言應(yīng)該從口頭上學(xué))(被動句) We have a l