【正文】 I finally found a chair to sit on.5. 某些介詞的用法辨析：(1) in、on、at：表示時間時, in表示在一段時間里(在將來時句子中則表示在一段時間之后), on表示在具體的某一天或者某天的上下午等, at表示在某個時刻或者瞬間； 表示地點時, in表示在某個范圍之內, on表示在某個平面上或與一個面相接觸,at則表示在某個具體的場所或地點。a) 當賓語是疑問詞時。如：He wanted to find a good job in Shanghai the next year.(狀語)(他想來年在上海找份好工作)/ They searched the room for the thief.(他們在房間里搜索小偷) / The letters are for you.(表語)(信是給你的)/ Have you seen a cat with a black head and four white legs?(定語)(你看見一只黑頭白腿的貓了嗎？)4. 重要注釋：(1) this / that / these / those / last / next / a / every / each等詞構成的時間短語,前面不用任何介詞。介詞之后一般有名詞或代詞(賓格)或相當于名詞的其他詞類、短語或從句作它的賓語,即構成介詞短語。如：One of the oldest houses has been burnt in a fire.(最古老的一幢房子在一場大火中被燒毀了)(5) “Which / Who+動詞+形/副”句型中,如果有兩個選項,形/副用比較級,如果有三個選項,形/副用最高級。句型是：主語(sb./sth) + 謂語動詞 +(the) +形容詞/副詞最高級 +in / of ….The Changjiang River is the longest in China. / He jumped (the) highest of the three (boys).5. 關于比較等級的重要注釋：(1) “the+比較級…,the+比較級…”表示“越…就越…”。a)直接加er,est ：b)以重讀閉音節(jié)結尾的,要雙寫最后一個輔音字母,后加er,est：c)以輔音字母+y結尾的,先把y改為i再加上er,est： 兩個音節(jié)或兩個以上的音節(jié)的,在原級前加more / most.(2) 不規(guī)則變化:原級比較級最高級good好的better更好的best最好的well好；(身體)好的,bad,badly糟糕的,糟糕地worse更糟糕的,更糟糕地；(身體)更不舒服的worst最糟糕的,最糟糕地；(身體)最不舒服的ill(身體)不舒服的many許多的(可數(shù))more更多的；更most最多的；最much許多的(不可數(shù))；非常little少的less更少的least最少的far遠的；遠地farther更遠的；更遠地farthest最遠的；最遠地further進一步的(地)furthest最深刻的(地)4. 形容詞和副詞的原級、比較級和最高級的用法：(1) 講述某人/物自身的情況時,用原級。如：How long have you been like this?(你這樣已經多久了？)/ How often does he wash his face?(他每隔多久洗一次臉？)(12) much、more與most的用法：這三個詞除了是形容詞作名詞的修飾語之外,還是程度副詞,much表示“很”,修飾原級形/副,more表示“更”用來構成多音節(jié)形/副的比較級,most表示“最”用來構成多音節(jié)形/副的最高級。如：I like baseball very much.(我非常喜歡棒球)/ Do you like butter better than cheese?( / They like hamburgers best.(10) quite/what+a+形容詞+名詞”的用法：記?。孩賟uite/such/what...+a+形容詞+名詞。) (6) how、what用于感嘆句的用法：對句子中的形容詞或副詞感嘆時用how,對人或事物(可能含有形容詞作修飾語)進行感嘆用what. 如：What a fine day (it is) today!(今天天氣真好！) / How difficult (the problem is)!((問題)真難呀！)(7) already、yet的用法：在完成時中,already一般用于肯定句,yet一般用于否定句和疑問句。)/ I don’t like sweets very much.(我不很喜歡糖果)[注] very與 much的區(qū)別：very修飾形容詞、副詞的原級和現(xiàn)在分詞形容詞,much修飾形容詞和副詞的比較級；much還可以修飾疑問句和否定句中的動詞,very不可以。) / He didn’t watch the football game. Nor did I.(他沒有看足球賽,我也沒有。②“after/before+某個時刻”分別表示“在某時刻之后/之前”,此時兩個詞是介詞。)[注釋] “as long / much as + 名詞”可以表示“長達/多達…”的含義。)→He wrote it down.(他把它寫了下來。如：People now often have their festival dinners at restaurants.(現(xiàn)在的人們經常在餐館里吃節(jié)日晚宴) / Women there were living a terrible life in the 1920s.(在二十世紀20年代那兒的女人過著可怕的日子)(4) 作賓語補足語：地點副詞一般可以作賓語補足語。How I am going to kill the cat is still a question.(我打算怎樣殺死那只貓還是個問題)/ That is why everyone is afraid of the tiger.(那就是人人都害怕老虎的原因) / He wondered how he could do it the next day.(他不知道第二天怎樣做那事)h) 關系副詞：用來引導定語從句,在從句中作狀語。如：There you can see thousands of bikes running in all directions(方向).(在那里,你可以看到成千上萬的自行車朝各個方向流動) / The frightened wolf ran away.(受到驚嚇的狼逃開了)/ He walked out quietly and turned back soon.(他悄悄地走了出去,很快又返回)e) 程度副詞：修飾動詞時,放在動詞之前；修飾形容詞或副詞時,放在形容詞或副詞之前。如：We must try our best to help the poor.(我們應該盡力幫助窮人們)The rich never know how the poor are living.(有錢人哪知窮人怎么過日子)n 七、副詞 說明事情發(fā)生的時間、地點、原因、方式等，或說明其它形容詞或副詞的程度。如：My fever(高燒) is gone, but I still have a cough.(發(fā)燒消退了,但我仍然咳嗽) / The parents found the lost child at last.(家長終于找到了迷路的孩子) / My dictionary is ’s taken it away?(我的字典不見了,誰拿走了？) / For more detailed information of the missing girls, please visit our website.(如果想知道失蹤女孩們的詳情,請訪問我們的網站) (14) living、alive、live、lively：四個詞都來源于動詞live“生活、居住”。如：The other students are on the playground.(其他學生在操場上) / Who else can work out this maths problem?(還有誰能解出著道數(shù)學題？) / This is nobody else’s money. It’s mine.(這不是別的什么人的錢,是我的。如：Let’s go and share(分享) the nice cake.(我們去分享那塊美味的蛋糕吧) / She is a nice girl.(他是個漂亮的姑娘) / What a fine day!(多好的天氣！) /He’s fine recently(最近).(近來他身體不錯)(8) too much與much too：too much表示“太多的”,修飾事物數(shù)量；much too表示“太過,過分”,修飾形容詞或副詞。如：This is a real diamond(鉆石) and it’s very expensive.(這是貨真價實的鉆石,非常貴) / Is that true?—Yes. I heard it with my own ears.(那真實嗎？ 是的,我親耳所聽)(4) interested與interesting的區(qū)別：interesting指人或東西“有趣的”,作定語或表語,而interested則表示人對別的事物“感興趣的”,只能作表語。如：He’s metres tall.(。如：a big yellow wooden wheel(一個黃色的大木輪)(2) 表語時放在連系動詞之后。如：We have breakfast at home and lunch at school.(6) 節(jié)、假日前一般不用。如：China is a very large country.(中國是個大國) / Man needs air and water.(人類需要空氣和水) (2) 名詞前已有指示、物主或不定代詞作定語時不用。如：He is from the United States of America.(10) 用在姓氏之前表示一家人。如：There will be strong wind to the south of the Yangtze River.(6) 在序數(shù)詞和形容詞最高級的前面。)(3) 復述前面提到過的人或事物。如：There is a table and four chairs in that diningroom.(5) 幾個用不定冠詞的習語：a bit(一點), a little(一點), a few(幾個), a lot (許多), a kind of(一種), a pair of(一副、一雙), a number of(大量的), a piece of (一張、一片), half an hour(半小時), have a good time(玩得開心), have a cold(感冒), make a noise(發(fā)出嘈雜聲), have/take a (rest等)等。)(不能譯為：一頭大象比一個人強壯。 50%→ fifty hundredths ( fifty per cent).2. 序數(shù)詞前面加the時,表示順序,加a/an時表示“再一、又一”。 4/7→ four sevenths ?？谡Z中也常用who代替whom作賓語,但在介詞后則只能用whom。如： We must help each other when we are in trouble.(我們身處困境時要互相幫助。No one knows how he managed to get the ticket.(沒有人知道他是怎樣搞到那張票的)Nobody handed in his/their position(s) yesterday.(昨天沒有一個人交作文。A lot of people think that time is money.(許多的人認為時間就是金錢。如： I don’t think so.(我認為不是這樣的。) / In that polar region there live few people.(在那個極地地區(qū)幾乎不住人) / You can get a few sweets from him.(你可以從他那兒弄到一些糖果)(8) 復合不定代詞somebody ,something ,anything, nothing ,everything, everybody等,在句子中當單數(shù)使用。Some girls are singing under the big apple tree and others are sitting on the grass talking.(有些女孩在大蘋果樹下唱歌,別的就躺在草地上說話) another(另外的,再一,又一) You have had several cakes. Do you really want another one?(你已經吃了好幾塊餅子了,你真的還要一塊？) / I want another four books.(我還要四本書)the other(另外的一個) This is one of your socks. Where is the other one?others指“剩余的人/物”(指大部分)；the others指“其余的人/物”,(指全部)。如：Every one of the students in his class studies very hard.(他班上每個學生學習都很用功) / They are very busy. Each of them has something to do.(他們很忙,人人都有事干) (5) either和neither：either意思是“兩個中間的任何一個”；neither是either的否定形式,意思是“兩個都不”。如：There is