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初中英語語法全套資料(編輯修改稿)

2025-07-06 23:17 本頁面
 

【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 語時(shí),通常要用賓格 . —Who is knocking at the door? —It’s me. 4) 使用人稱代詞需注意的幾個(gè)問題①主語是并列的幾個(gè)人稱時(shí),應(yīng)將you放在最前,I放在最后 . You, she and I are all interested in the story.②she通??梢杂脕泶鎳?、船只、大地、月亮等③it有時(shí)也可指人(尤其是嬰兒) . Look at the poor little child. It has just fallen down.2.物主代詞(表示所有關(guān)系的代詞) 1) 物主代詞的形式單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱形容詞性物主代詞myyourhis\her\itsouryourtheir名詞性物主代詞mineYourshis\her\itsoursyourstheirs2) 形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞的用法①形容詞性物主代詞只能做定語,修飾名詞 . his hobby our plan②名詞性物主代詞可作主語、標(biāo)語和賓語 . That isn’t my car. Mine is being repaired. . Is this your book or mine? . You may use my umbrella. I’ll use hers.D.“of+名詞性物主代詞”可以做定語,相當(dāng)于名詞的雙重所有格 . Is he a neighbor of yours?3. 反身代詞(用來表示“我自己”、“你自己”、“他自己”等意義的代詞) 1) 反身代詞的形式單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)第一人稱myselfourselves第二人稱yourselfyourselves第三人稱himself\herself\itselfthemselves2) 反身代詞的作用①作賓語(及物動(dòng)詞或介詞的賓語)表示動(dòng)作承受者是動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者自己 . Let me introduce myself.②作表語 . I’m not quite myself these days.③作主語或賓語的同位語,起加強(qiáng)語氣的作用,表示“親自\本人”. The boy himself made the model plane.4. 指示代詞(用來指示或標(biāo)示人或物的一類代詞)this \that \these \those \it \such \same \so等1) this, that, these, those的用法①作主語 . This is a good idea.②作賓語 . I shall take those.③作定語 . I like those flowers.④作表語 . What I want to say is this.2) such(如此的,這樣的)和same(同樣的,一樣的)作指示代詞的用法① such可以作主語、表語、賓語和定語。Such作定語時(shí),它所修飾的名詞之前如有不定冠詞,這個(gè)不定冠詞應(yīng)放在such之后。 . The foreign visitors said they had never seen such a beautiful scenery before. . Such is our plan for the ing holiday. . Last before Christmas they wanted help with trees and such. . The waves were such as I had never seen before. ② same可作定語\主語\A. 作定語 . My friend came by the same train as you.B. 作主語 . The same can be seen if you do the experiment once again.C. 作賓語 . We must all say the same.D. 作表語 . It’s all the same to me.3) so作賓語和表語的用法① 作賓語 . —I will write today. —Do so.② 作表語 . Be it 。注:⒈so常可用在省略句中 . —I don’t like him. —Why so? = Why is that so?⒉so常置于句首 . —oh!I’ve finished. — So have I.4) it作指示代詞的用法 翻譯的時(shí)候,不必翻出來 . Oh, it’s you, Lao Li. 噢,是你啊,老李。(表示相互關(guān)系的代詞,有each other和one another兩個(gè)) 1)相互代詞的形式主格和賓格所有格each other(一般指兩個(gè)人或物)each other’s 彼此的one another(一般指兩個(gè)以上的人或物)one another’s 彼此的2) 相互代詞的用法① 作賓語 . We’ve know each other for many years. \You should listen to one another a bit more.② 相互代詞的所有格形式只能作定語 . We are interested in one another’s work. The students corrected each other’s mistakes in their homework.(用來構(gòu)成特殊疑問句的代詞) 常見的有who作主語和表語, whom作賓語, whose, what, which可作主語、表語、賓語和定語。疑問代詞有格的變化,有指人指物的區(qū)別1) 疑問代詞的形式主格賓格所有格指人WhoWhomWhose指物WhatWhose指人或指物WhichWhose2) 疑問代詞在句中的作用① 作主語 . Who’s in diningroom? ② 作表語 . Who is she?③ 作賓語 . Whom are you writing to? ④ 作定語 . Whose book is this?(來替代任何不定數(shù)量或范圍的人和事物,有名詞和形容詞的作用,可作主、賓、表、定) 1)one的用法 ①指不定人稱時(shí),表示“人”譯為:一個(gè)人、人人 其反身代詞為oneself,物主代詞為one’s . One has to do one’s 。 ②代替前面出現(xiàn)過的可數(shù)名詞,以免出現(xiàn)重復(fù),復(fù)數(shù)形式ones,可與冠詞連用,可以有自己的定語 . Please pass me the book, the one on the top shelf. 2)some,any的用法 ① some和any都可在句中做主語、賓語和定語。Some常用在肯定句中,any常用在疑問句和否定句中 . My son needs some colour paper. Have you got any?② any用于肯定句,表示強(qiáng)調(diào),意為“任何” . Any students can ask me any questions at any time.③ Some也可用于疑問句中,表示請求、建議或表示說話人希望得到肯定的回答. Would you like some coffee?④ some,any與thing,body,one構(gòu)成的合成詞的用法與some,any一樣. I have something important to tell you. 3)many,much,(a) few,(a) little的用法含義 用法與可數(shù)名詞連用與不可數(shù)名詞連用許多manymuch一些a fewa little幾乎沒有fewlittle4) another, other, others, the other, the others的用法① another(=an other)表示“別的”,“另一個(gè)”,泛指眾多中的一個(gè),一般后面接單數(shù)名詞,前面不加定冠詞 . This book is too difficult for me. Will you please give me another one?② the other表示兩個(gè)中的一個(gè),常與one連用,one…the other…. I have two pencils. One is red, the other is blue.③ other+名詞=others(別的) . Some are listening to the radio. Others are watching TV.④ the other+名詞=the others(其余的,相當(dāng)于the rest). Some of the students are from the north. The others(=the other students) are from the south. 5)every和each的用法 都是“每一個(gè)”的意思 形式上都是單數(shù),區(qū)別如下:①every只能作定語,而each兼有形容詞和名詞的作用,可作主、定、賓和同位語②從數(shù)量上看,each用來指兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的人或物中的一個(gè),而every則指兩個(gè)以上的人或物中的一個(gè) 6)both,all,neither,none,either的用法neither指兩者中的“任何中的一個(gè)都不”,是單數(shù);none指三者以上中的“任何一個(gè)都不”,可以單數(shù)也可復(fù)數(shù);either指“兩個(gè)中的任何一個(gè)”,有肯定意義。(用來引導(dǎo)定語從句的代詞,有who,whom,whose,which) who,whom指人,在定語從句中分別作主語和賓語 that指物,在定于從句中作主語或賓語 which指物,在定于從句中作主語或賓語 whose可以指人也可以指物,在定于從句中作主語第五章 數(shù)詞(Numerals)數(shù)詞 分為基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞兩種一、 基數(shù)詞1)基數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成及讀法①112的構(gòu)成為獨(dú)立單詞②1319的構(gòu)成都以后綴teen結(jié)尾,但thirteen,fifteen,eighteen為不規(guī)則變化③2090的構(gòu)成都以后綴ty結(jié)尾,但twenty,thirty,forty,eighty為不規(guī)則變化④2199的構(gòu)成是在十位數(shù)和個(gè)位數(shù)之間加連字符 . 25 twentyfive⑤三位數(shù)101999的構(gòu)成要注意百位數(shù)和十位數(shù)(個(gè)位數(shù))之間用and連接。 nine hundred and one⑥英語中沒有“萬”這個(gè)單位,1000以上而不到100萬的數(shù)詞都用thousand表示⑦百萬 1,000,000 : one(a) million⑧千萬 10,000,000 : ten million⑨億 100,000,000 : one(a) hundred million⑩十億 1,000,000,000 : one(a) thousand million(等于美國英語a billion)注:英語數(shù)字中,只有hundred后才加and2)基數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式① Hundred,thousand,million和billion在表示具體數(shù)目時(shí),不用復(fù)數(shù)形式,但在一些習(xí)慣表達(dá)中,相當(dāng)于普通名詞,可有復(fù)數(shù)形式 . thousands of years ago②數(shù)詞復(fù)數(shù)形式還可以表示不十分精確的年齡、年代和其他表達(dá)方式 . He died in his fifties.①作主語 . Two of the girls are from 。②作表語 . He is a little over 。③作賓語 . Give me 。④作定語 . The river is about eighty miles 。⑤作同位語 . You two take these 。二、序數(shù)詞1)序數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成①序數(shù)詞多數(shù)由“基數(shù)詞th”構(gòu)成,序數(shù)詞前一般加定冠詞the②少數(shù)序數(shù)詞構(gòu)成屬特殊情況 . Onefirsttwosecondthreethirdfivefiftheighteighth nineninthtwelvetwelfth③以y結(jié)尾的十位整數(shù),先將y改為i,再加eth . thirtythirtieth④21以上的多位數(shù),要將末位數(shù)改為序數(shù)詞,前面其他位數(shù)仍用基數(shù)詞 . eightythree—eightythird nine hundred and sixtytwo—nine hundred and sixtysecond⑤序數(shù)詞的縮寫形式由阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字加序數(shù)詞的后兩個(gè)字母構(gòu)成 . first—1st second—2nd2)序數(shù)詞的用法①作主語 . The third of the month was a holi
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