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初中英語語法講解(參考版)

2025-06-10 17:05本頁面
  

【正文】 ) c. 表示漸變,這樣的動詞有:get, grow, bee, t。例如: Mr. Green is writing another novel. 他在寫另一部小說。例如: We are waiting for you. 我們正在等你。例如: You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow. 明天此時,你已經(jīng)到達(dá)上海了。例如: They will have been married for 20 years by then. 到那時他們結(jié)婚將有二十年了。例如: When I heard the news, I was very excited. 3) 敘述歷史事實,可不用過去完成時,而只用一般過去時。 My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it. 姑媽給了我一頂帽子,我把它丟了。 返回動詞的時態(tài)目錄 用一般過去時代替過去完成時 1) 兩個動作如按順序發(fā)生,又不強(qiáng)調(diào)先后,或用then,and,but 等連詞時,多用一般過去時。 had no sooner…than 剛…… 就……。 注意: had hardly… when 還沒等…… 就……。句中when表示的是時間的一點(diǎn),表示在同學(xué)們正忙于……這一背景下,when所引導(dǎo)的動作發(fā)生。 Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party. 湯姆失望了,因為他到達(dá)晚會時,大部分客人已經(jīng)走了。例如: He said that he had learned some English before. 他說過他以前學(xué)過一些英語。t. 那時我們希望你能來,但是你沒有來。 c. 表示意向的動詞,如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等,用過去完成時表示原本…,未能…。 b. 狀語從句 在過去不同時間發(fā)生的兩個動作中,發(fā)生在先,用過去完成時;發(fā)生在后,用一般過去時。 那時以前 那時 現(xiàn)在 2) 用法 a. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等動詞后的賓語從句。m sorry to keep you waiting. Oh, not at all. I ___ here only a few minutes. A. have been B. had been C. was D. will be 答案A. 等待的動作由過去開始,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時。再次,several times告知為反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作,因此用現(xiàn)在完成時。 典型例題 1. You don39。 He slept until ten o39。t e back until ten o39。(表經(jīng)歷) 2) 用于till / until從句的差異 延續(xù)動詞用于肯定句,表示做……直到…… 瞬間動詞用于否定句,表示到……,才……。 (表結(jié)果) I39。 返回動詞的時態(tài)目錄 延續(xù)動詞與瞬間動詞 1) 用于完成時的區(qū)別 延續(xù)動詞表示經(jīng)驗、經(jīng)歷; 瞬間動詞表示行為的結(jié)果,不能與表示段的時間狀語連用。 4) It is +一段時間+ since從句。例如: Great changes have taken place since you left. 你走后,變化可大了。例如: I have been here since five months ago. 我在這兒,已經(jīng)有五個月了。例如: I have been here since 1989. 1989起,我一直在這兒。) 注意:用句型轉(zhuǎn)換的方法,很容易排除非延續(xù)動詞在有for/since結(jié)構(gòu)的完成時中的誤用。 I worked here for more than twenty years. (我現(xiàn)在已不在這里工作。 I have lived here since I was born. 我從出生起就住在這兒了。t received his letter for almost a month. 返回動詞的時態(tài)目錄 比較since和for Since 用來說明動作起始時間,for用來說明動作延續(xù)時間長度。即動作不發(fā)生的狀態(tài)是可以持續(xù)的。s the first time I ___ here. A. even, e B. even, have e C. ever, e D. ever, have e 答案D. ever意為曾經(jīng)或無論何時,反意詞為never,此兩詞常用于完成時。 典型例題 (1) Do you know our town at all? No, this is the first time I ___ here. A. was B. have been C. came D. am ing 答案B. This is the first time 后面所加從句應(yīng)為現(xiàn)在完成時,故選B。例如: This is the best film that I39。ve heard him sing. 這是我第一次聽他唱歌。例如: It is the first time that I have visited the city. 這是我第一次訪問這城市。t handed in his paper? (強(qiáng)調(diào)有卷子未交,疑為不公平競爭) He has been in the League for three years. (在團(tuán)內(nèi)的狀態(tài)可延續(xù)) He has been a League member for three years. (是團(tuán)員的狀態(tài)可持續(xù)) 句子中如有過去時的時間副詞(如yesterday, last, week, in 1960)時,不能使用現(xiàn)在完成時,要用過去時。 一般過去時常用的非持續(xù)性動詞有e, go, leave, start, die, finish, bee, get married等。 共同的時間狀語:this morning, tonight, this April, now, already, recently, lately 等。 一般過去時的時間狀語:yesterday, last week,…ago, in1980, in October, just now等,皆為具體的時間狀語。 返回動詞的時態(tài)目錄 比較一般過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時 1)一般過去時表示過去某時發(fā)生的動作或單純敘述過去的事情,強(qiáng)調(diào)動作;現(xiàn)在完成時為過去發(fā)生的,強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的事情對現(xiàn)在的影響,強(qiáng)調(diào)的是影響。 Are you staying here till next week? 你會在這兒呆到下周嗎? 返回動詞的時態(tài)目錄 現(xiàn)在完成時 現(xiàn)在完成時用來表示之前已發(fā)生或完成的動作或狀態(tài),其結(jié)果的影響現(xiàn)在還存在;也可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。例如: I39。 Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room. 離開房間前,務(wù)必把窗戶關(guān)了。 4)在動詞hope, take care that, make sure that等的賓語從句中。 I39。 3)在時間或條件句中。例如: Here es the bus. = The bus is ing. 車來了。 When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes. 汽車什么時候開?十分鐘后。(主觀安排) 返回動詞的時態(tài)目錄 一般現(xiàn)在時表將來 1)下列動詞e, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般現(xiàn)在時可以表示將來,主要用來表示在時間上已確定或安排好的事情。(客觀安排) I39。d better get ready for it as soon as possible. Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror. 返回動詞的時態(tài)目錄 be to和be going to be to 表示客觀安排或受人指示而做某事,be going to 表示主觀的打算或計劃。 返回動詞的時態(tài)目錄 be going to / will 用于條件句時,be going to表將來,will表意愿。例如: He is about to leave for Beijing. 他馬上要去北京。例如: We are to discuss the report next 。例如:Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那烏云,快要下雨了。這出戲下月開播。例如:What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什么呢? b. 計劃,安排要發(fā)生的事。例如: Which paragraph shall I read first? 我先讀哪一段呢? Will you be at home at seven this evening? 今晚七點(diǎn)回家好嗎? 2) be going to +不定式,表示將來。 返回動詞的時態(tài)目錄 一般將來時 1) shall用于第一人稱,常被will 所代替。t D. can39。t B. couldn39。 典型例題 Your phone number again? I ___ quite catch it. It39。 be used to + doing: 對……已感到習(xí)慣,或習(xí)慣于,to是介詞,后需加名詞或動名詞。例如: Mother used not to be so forgetful. 老媽過去沒那么健忘。 2)情態(tài)動詞 could, would。 1)動詞want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。) Christine has been an invalid all her life.(含義:她現(xiàn)在還活著) Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years. (含義:達(dá)比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。例如:I thought you might have some. 我以為你想要一些。d rather you came 。寧愿某人做某事39。 It is time that sb. did sth. 時間已遲了 早該……了 ,例如It is time you went to bed. 你早該睡覺了。 3)句型:It is time for sb. to do sth 到……時間了 該……了。例如: When I was a child, I often played football in the street. 我是個孩子的時候,常在馬路上踢足球。例如:時間狀語有:yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。第二句中的now是進(jìn)行時的標(biāo)志,表示正在進(jìn)行的動作的客觀狀況,所以后句用一般現(xiàn)在時。 I am doing my homework now. 我正在做功課。 Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 安英語寫得不錯,講的可不行。例如: I don39。 例:Columbus proved that the earth is round. 哥倫布證實了地球是圓的。例如: Pride goes before a fall. 驕者必敗。 Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中國東部。 2) 客觀真理,客觀存在,科學(xué)事實。時間狀語: every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday。sheep的單復(fù)數(shù)同形;any一般用在疑問句和否定句里,some用在肯定句里。因而(1)、(2)小題答案均為B。名詞所有格的’s也可以加在一個短語之后,若該短語最后一個名詞的詞尾是s,則只加“’’。s B. minutes’ C. minutes D. minute(2)It is about ______ from the school to my home.A. ten minutes walk B. ten minutes’ walkC. ten minutes’ s walk D. ten minute’s walk分析 上述兩題考查名詞所有格的構(gòu)成及用法。如:We see with our eyes.We go there by bike.Please say it out in English.He cut it open with a knife.介詞的省略表示時間介詞at, on, in 的省略(1) 在 next, last, this, these, today, yesterday, tomorrow, one, ev
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