【正文】
確定總成本目標的方式確定分包工程量和工程價款,以控制住分包工程的成本,杜絕效益的流失;必須按照合同規(guī)定的工程價款結算方式,撥付和結算工程 款,不得對分包單位預付備料款和工程款,并在結算工程款時,建立結算工程款的聯(lián)簽制度。 項目部必須按照企業(yè)的要求,禁止外部單位以各種形式掛靠企業(yè)對外施工,無論是項目部與建設單位直接接觸中標的工程項目,還是項目部通過其他單位與建設單位間接接觸中標的工程項目,凡是以企業(yè)名義中標的工程項目,必須由企業(yè)直接與建設單位簽訂合同,任何項目部都不得讓外部單位以企業(yè)的名義承攬工程和結算工程款,而項目部僅象征性地收取一定比例的管理費。建議采取如下抵御風險的對策: 1. 盡快調(diào)整工期計劃或改變施工方案。在當初制定項目計劃的時候,由于掌握的信息有限,計劃往往比較粗略,等到了解的情況逐漸增加,需要對粗略的計劃進行細化。如果不實行變更控制,項目最終有可能以工期拖延、預算超支、質(zhì)量不符合要求而告終。依法競爭,依法簽約和索賠,依法維權,依法經(jīng)營,依法 抵御風險,依法進行融資和結算等。使企業(yè)具備大量有技術、懂法律、懂戰(zhàn)略、會經(jīng)營、通外語、善管理的復合型人才和高級項目管理人才。 5. 積極采取技術性對策,回避、減輕、預防、分散和自留項目的風險。 6. 盡量在軟件建設上滿足要求。 7. 防范其它因素的不確定性和局限性。例如,投資超支、建設工期拖長、生產(chǎn)能力達不到設計要求、原材料價格上漲、勞務費用 增加、產(chǎn)品售價波動、市場需求量變化、貸款利率及外幣匯率變 動等,使投資項目達不到預期的經(jīng)濟效果,甚至發(fā)生虧損。 不可抗力引起的后果主要有兩種:解除合同;延期履行。 發(fā)生不可抗力后的進行損失計算時,應該就不可抗力的實際影響限度和事件的關聯(lián)度進行計量和計算,雙方協(xié)商確定,分擔在不可抗力的影響下造成的損失。現(xiàn)代化的發(fā)展,啟發(fā)了檔案信息的傳 播,溝 通了城市建設與發(fā)展的 渠道。 。同時要明確建設單位、勘察設計單位、招投標代理機構、施工單位、監(jiān)理單位等工程項目管理人員及檔案人員在工程檔案形成過程中各自所應承擔的職責,規(guī)范檔案資料的收集、整理,以保證工程自立項開始與檔案跟蹤 管理同步。 ,使工程竣工驗收檔案充分發(fā)揮其憑證作 用。 ,建立完善的檔案管理制度是做好工程檔案工作 的重要保證。按照標準編制工程檔案材料,是施工單位最基本的業(yè)務條件。工程檔案材料的質(zhì)量,關鍵在于編制形成過程。開發(fā)公司要加強對施工的監(jiān)督和管理,檢查工程檔案材料編制情況,按照標 準形 成檔案材料,給后人留下寶貴的財富。在管 理過程中,頻繁傳遞和變更,容易使檔案的完整性、有效性發(fā)生變化,各部門只有及時的對檔案的增減變動及傳遞情況做出相關記錄(如傳遞情況記錄、變更情況記錄、修改情況記錄、作廢情況記錄等),才可能有效地了解檔案的來龍去脈,防止其丟失、損毀、失效。 ,多角度、多層次開發(fā)建筑工程檔案信息資源,做好檔 案信息統(tǒng)計工作。本文通過對項目風險 管理 理論方面進行了 詳細的 分析, 概述了 工程 項目 風險管理 的相關概念, 總結出 項目風險管理的發(fā)展趨勢是管理思想、管理方法和手段的現(xiàn)代化。但在 我國應用管理上,特別是計劃執(zhí)行中的監(jiān)督與控制以及跟蹤調(diào)整方面比較落后 。 確保工程項目投資決策的正確性與科學性,對實現(xiàn)工程投資決策的全局優(yōu)化與總體設計和總體經(jīng)營思想,對合理利用有限的人力、 財力和物力,對保證國民經(jīng)濟長期、持續(xù)、穩(wěn)定協(xié)調(diào)地發(fā)展,對降低工程成本、提高工程效益具有十分重要的理論意義和現(xiàn)實意 義。從 畢業(yè)設計 題目的選擇、到選到課題的研究和論證,再到本 畢業(yè)設計 的編寫、修改,每一步都有 葛 老師的細心指導和認真的解析。使我的知識層次又有所提高。也感謝我同一組的組員和班里的同學是你們在我遇到難題是幫我找到大量資料,解決難題。通過這次 畢業(yè)設計 不僅提高了我獨立思考問題解決問題的能力而且培養(yǎng)了認真嚴謹,一 絲不茍的學習態(tài)度。 14 參考文獻 [1]楊存義 , 論建筑工程風險管理 [J], 榆林科技 , 2021(3). [2]張臻 , 工程項目風險分析與防范對策 [J], 鐵道工程企業(yè)管理 , 2021(3). [3]王家遠,劉春樂 .建設項目風險管理[ M],中國水利水電出版社, . [4]葉楠 國際工程項目的風險管理研究 MANAGEMENT 企業(yè)管理 . [5]余志峰 , 大型建筑 工程 項目風險管理和工程 保險 的研究[ D] , 上海 : 同濟 大學, 2021. [6]周直 , 大型工程項目實施階段風險分析與管理研究[ D] , 上海 : 同濟大學, 2021. [7]張建軍 國際工程項目承包中的風險管理研究 , 重慶大學碩士學位論文 2021. 04. [8]胡文發(fā) 工程項目 管理北京 . 化學工業(yè)出版社 , 2021. [9]王錫巖、甄淑慧 國際工程承包項目風險管理分析 , 項目管理技術 2021. 04. [10]夏利利 . 工程項目風險管理方法及應用研究碩士研究生學位論文 . 中 國石油大學 , 2021. [11]張純林 建設單位在工程施工招標階段工程造價管理機場建設 .2021. [12]叢培經(jīng)主編 工程項目管理[ M]中國建筑工業(yè)出版社 2021. [13]邱苑華 .項目管理學 .中國建筑工業(yè)出版社, 2021. 15 為你提供優(yōu)秀的畢業(yè)論文參考資料,請您刪除以下內(nèi)容, O(∩ _∩ )O 謝謝!??! A large group of tea merchants on camels and horses from Northwest China39。s Zhangye city during their journey to Kazakhstan, May 5, 2021. The caravan, consisting of more than 100 camels, three horsedrawn carriages and four support vehicles, started the trip from Jingyang county in Shaanxi on Sept 19, 2021. It will pass through Gansu province and Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region, and finally arrive in Almaty, formerly known as AlmaAta, the largest city in Kazakhstan, and Dungan in Zhambyl province. The trip will cover about 15,000 kilometers and take the caravan more than one year to plete. The caravan is expected to return to Jingyang in March 2021. Then they will e back, carrying specialty products from Kazakhstan A s mall art troupe founded six decades ago has grown into a household name in the Inner Mongolia autonomous region. In the 19 50s, Ulan Muqir Art Troupe was created by nine young musicians, who toured remote villages on horses and performed traditional Mongolian music and dances for nomadic families. The 54yearold was born in Tongliao, in eastern Inner Mongolia and joined the troupe in says there are 74 branch troupes across Inner Mongolia and actors give around 100 shows every year to local nomadic people. I can still recall the days when I toured with the troupe in the early 39。t help but sing the folk songs, Nasun says . The vastness of Inner Mongolia and the lack of entertainment options for people living there, made their lives lonely. The nomadic people were very excited about our visits, Nasun recalls. We didn39。t just about sharing art with nomadic families but also about gaining inspiration for the music and dance. Ulan Muqir literally translates as red burgeon, and today39。s villages and entertain nomadic families, but their fame has spread around the world. On May 16 and 17, nearly 100 singers and dancers from the troupe performed at Beijing39。s president, who is also a renowned tenor, tells China Daily. During a tour in 1985, he went to a village and met an elderly local man, who told him a story about his friendship with a solider from Shenyang, capital of Northeast China39。s cultural foray overseas, has been widely panned by its home audience. Retitled Empresses in the Palace, the American version has been shortened from its original 76 episodes at 45 minutes each, to six 90minute episodes. The quick pacing threw off many native viewers, who are accustomed to a more leisurely daytimesoapstyle narrative rhythm. (Chinese TV stations would run two or three episodes every day.) I did not finish the fulllength version and found the truncated one not difficult to follow. What39。s to e and recapping the key points. This device, not used in the original, is culturally understandable but artistically mediocre. What puzzles me is the two new songs for the opening and end credits. They were written in English, but sung by Chinese with an unfortable accent. They were obviously designed to appeal to an Englishspeaking base, but do not jibe with the Chinese dialogue. Speaking of the dialogue, the English translation, picked apart by some Chinese, is too literal for my taste. I can imagine a typical American hit by a flurry of royal ranks, addresses and greetings, even multiple names and titles for the same person. The first half hour must be a swamp to wade through, very much like my experience of getting through a Tolstoy tome with its endless inflection