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電大物流學(xué)概論專(zhuān)科期末復(fù)習(xí)考試資料小抄【完整版(2)-閱讀頁(yè)

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【正文】 生。但我們?cè)谇懊嬖?jīng)說(shuō)過(guò)也有人認(rèn)為流通加 工不屬于物流。產(chǎn)生場(chǎng)所效充和時(shí)間效能的是物流,加工是通過(guò)改變物品的形態(tài)或性質(zhì)而創(chuàng)造價(jià)值,因而屬于生產(chǎn)活動(dòng)。盡管它也可以創(chuàng)造性質(zhì)和形態(tài)的使用效能,但還是應(yīng)該從物流機(jī)能拓展的角度將其看作物流的構(gòu)成要素為宜。(多見(jiàn)于 食品加工領(lǐng)域的流通加工) ( 1995 年5 月) 國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng),國(guó)民收入增多,消費(fèi)者的需求出現(xiàn)多樣化。 2 流通加工的目的 1)適應(yīng)多樣化的顧客的需求。 3)提高商品的附加值。 3 生產(chǎn)加工就是對(duì)原材料加工生產(chǎn)成產(chǎn)品 一、提高原材料利用率 ;二、方便客戶(hù)生產(chǎn)或消費(fèi);三、提高加工效率及設(shè)備利用率;四、降低物流成本 從該案例來(lái)看主要是方便 了顧客的消費(fèi),把物流當(dāng)中的流通加工作為了一種營(yíng)銷(xiāo)手段,從而加大其附加值。 物流結(jié)點(diǎn)的種類(lèi): 轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)型結(jié)點(diǎn) 儲(chǔ)存型結(jié)點(diǎn) 流通型結(jié)點(diǎn) 綜合性結(jié)點(diǎn) 物流結(jié)點(diǎn)的功能: 現(xiàn)代物流網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的物流結(jié)點(diǎn)對(duì)優(yōu)化整個(gè)物流網(wǎng)絡(luò)起著重要作用,它不僅執(zhí)行一般的物流職能,而且越來(lái)越多地執(zhí)行指揮調(diào)度和信息神經(jīng)中樞的職能,是整個(gè)物流網(wǎng)絡(luò)的靈魂所在。在物流未能系統(tǒng)化之前,不同線路的銜接有很大困難。 ( 3)管理功能: 物流管理設(shè)施和指揮機(jī)構(gòu)往往集中設(shè)置于物流結(jié)點(diǎn)上。 ( 4)結(jié)算功能: 物流中心的結(jié)算功能是物流中心對(duì)物流功能的一種延伸,物流中心的結(jié)算不僅僅只是物流費(fèi)用的結(jié)算,在從事代理、配送的情況下,物流中心還要替貨主向收貨人結(jié)算貨款等。 ( 6)物流系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)咨詢(xún)功能: 公共型物流中心要充當(dāng)貨主的物流專(zhuān)家,因而必須為貨主設(shè)計(jì)物流系統(tǒng),代替貨主選擇和評(píng)價(jià)運(yùn)輸商、倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)商及其他物流服務(wù)供應(yīng)商。 ( 7)物流教育與培訓(xùn)功能: 物流中心的運(yùn)作需要貨主的支持與理解,通過(guò)向貨主提供物流培訓(xùn)服務(wù),可以培養(yǎng)貨主與物流中心經(jīng)營(yíng)管理者的認(rèn)同感,可以提高貨主的物流管理水平,可以將物流中心經(jīng)營(yíng)管理者的要求傳達(dá)給貨主,也便于確立物流作業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。第三方物 流作為 一個(gè)外部供應(yīng)商,它執(zhí)行了一個(gè)組織全部或部分物流功能。 從概念上來(lái)看 ,第四方物流是有領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力量的物流提供商 ,它可以通過(guò)整個(gè)供應(yīng)鏈的影響力 ,提供綜合的供應(yīng)鏈解決方案 ,也為其顧客帶來(lái)更大的價(jià)值 。第四方物流正日益成為一種幫助企業(yè)實(shí)現(xiàn)持續(xù)運(yùn)作成本降低和區(qū)別于傳統(tǒng)的外包業(yè)務(wù)的真正的資產(chǎn)轉(zhuǎn)移 。這是任何一家公司所不能單獨(dú)提供的。 劃分物流外包業(yè)務(wù)。 識(shí)別候選的物流供應(yīng)商。 合約的談判與訂立。 對(duì)外包過(guò)程的管理和監(jiān)控。 物流質(zhì)量管理是指科學(xué)運(yùn)用先進(jìn)的質(zhì)量管理方法、手段,以質(zhì)量為中心,對(duì)物流全過(guò)程進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)管理,包括保證和提高物流產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量和工作質(zhì)量而進(jìn)行的計(jì)劃、組織、控制等各項(xiàng)工作。物流質(zhì)量管理不僅管理和對(duì)象本身,而且還管理工作質(zhì)量和工程質(zhì)量,最終對(duì)成本及交貨期起到管理作用。 管理的范圍全面。 全員參加管理。 由于物流質(zhì)量管理存在 “ 三全 ” 特點(diǎn),因此,全面質(zhì)量管理的一些原則和方法,同樣適用于物流質(zhì)量管理。物流質(zhì)量管理的特點(diǎn)有: 管理的對(duì)象全面。因此,管理對(duì)象是廣泛的,涉及物流的各個(gè)方面,具有秀強(qiáng)的全面性。物流質(zhì)量管理對(duì)流通對(duì)象的包裝、裝卸、運(yùn)輸、保管、搬運(yùn)、配送、流通加工等若干過(guò)程進(jìn)行全過(guò)程的質(zhì)量管理,同時(shí)又是產(chǎn)品在社會(huì)再生產(chǎn)全過(guò)程中進(jìn)行全面質(zhì)量管理的一環(huán)。要保證物流質(zhì)量,就涉及到有關(guān)環(huán)節(jié)的所有部門(mén)和所有人員,決不是依靠哪個(gè)部門(mén)和少數(shù)人能搞好的 ,必須依靠各個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)中各部門(mén)全體成員的共同努力。 簡(jiǎn)述采購(gòu)的功能。 ( 2)電子商務(wù)改變了物流的傳統(tǒng)模式。 ( 4)電子商務(wù)增強(qiáng)了物流時(shí)效性的要求。 ( 6)電子商務(wù)促進(jìn)了物流技術(shù)水平的提高。其內(nèi)涵包括: ( 1)綠色物流是共生型物流( 2)綠色物流是資源節(jié)約型物流( 3)綠色物流是低熵型物流 4)綠色物流是循環(huán)型物流( 4 分) 對(duì)環(huán)境保護(hù)的日益關(guān)注,使得傳統(tǒng)物流在促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)和消費(fèi)生活發(fā)展的同時(shí),要減少物流活動(dòng)對(duì)環(huán)境造成的危害,并節(jié)省資源,這是綠色物流的核心。 六、論述題 請(qǐng)結(jié)合實(shí)際談?wù)勎覈?guó)物流業(yè)的發(fā)展對(duì)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)的作用 。在國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)和地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)中能夠發(fā)揮帶動(dòng)作用和支持整個(gè)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)的作用,能夠成為國(guó)家或地區(qū)財(cái)政收入的主要來(lái)源,能造成主要就業(yè)領(lǐng)域,能成為科技進(jìn)步的主要發(fā)源地和現(xiàn)代科技的應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域。其作用主要表現(xiàn)在宏觀和微觀兩個(gè)方面。 ( 4)對(duì)區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的促進(jìn)作用。 物流在微觀層面上的作用主要表現(xiàn)在: ( 1)降低企業(yè)物流成本; ( 2)實(shí)現(xiàn)企業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)戰(zhàn)略; ( 3)滿(mǎn)足消費(fèi)者多樣化需求和增加消費(fèi)者剩余。 2 你怎樣理解物流活動(dòng)行為受法律規(guī)范? 物流活動(dòng)中所涉及的法律面非常廣泛,有關(guān)的法律、法規(guī)、公約在內(nèi)容上也具有復(fù)雜性和多樣性的特點(diǎn)。而且隨著全球經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化的進(jìn)程,這兩種物流在很多情況下又互有交叉和重疊。 2.運(yùn)輸工具的運(yùn)行要遵守相應(yīng)的規(guī)則 運(yùn)輸作為物流的重要環(huán)節(jié),受到法律法規(guī)的制約。 范 4.貨物、運(yùn)輸工具進(jìn)出國(guó)境受到口岸法規(guī)的制約 國(guó)際物流必須要經(jīng)過(guò)口岸進(jìn)出國(guó)境,任何對(duì)貨物或運(yùn)輸工具的監(jiān)管,都會(huì)影響物流的實(shí)現(xiàn)并影響物流的速度和效率。但這也不是絕對(duì)的,比如包裝活動(dòng)的要求就需要根據(jù)貿(mào)易和運(yùn)輸?shù)木唧w情況適用于不同的規(guī)定。 請(qǐng)您刪除一下內(nèi)容, O(∩_∩)O謝謝?。。?2021 年中央電大期末復(fù)習(xí)考試小抄大全,電大期末考試必備小抄,電大考試必過(guò)小抄 Shanghai’s Suzhou Creek has witnessed much of the city’s history. Zhou Wenting travels this storied body of water and finds its most fascinating spots. Some lucky cities can boast a great body of water, like London with the river Thames and Paris with the river Seine. Shanghai is privileged enough to have two great bodies of water: Huangpu River and Suzhou River became famous when colonists established clusters of grand buildings on its banks on what became known as the bund. Today, the bund overlooks the breathtaking skyline of Lujiazui financial district. Shanghai’s other body of water, however, Suzhou Creek, has been somewhat overshadowed. Suzhou Creek links the inland cities of Jiangsu province with Shanghai. When the British colonists, who arrived in the city after it was opened as a mercial port in 1843 found they could reach Suzhou, Jiangsu province, via the creek, they named it Suzhou Creek. Thanks to its location, a large amount of cargo and travelers were transported via the creek before rail links were established. But after a century of being utilized as a waterway to transport goods and labor, the creek grew dark and smelly. Industrial factories were established along the banks. In the 1990s it became a key task of the city government to clean the creek. Suzhou Creek, which snakes 17 km from the iconic Waibaidu Bridge downtown to the outer ring road in west Shanghai, maps the changing periods of the city’s history, including the imprints of the concessions, the beginning of industrialization and the improvement in people’s living conditions. Where the Bund began Inbetween the shopping street of East Nanjing Road and the Bund, are a cluster of streets that give me the illusion that I am no longer in modern Shanghai. The streets are narrow and old and crisscross each other. Any old residential house may turn out to be a former office of the British, constructed in the 1880s. Pawnshops and hardware stores that are hard to find elsewhere, are plentiful here. This area, at the confluence of Huangpu River and Suzhou Creek, is called the Bund Origin. Countless tour buses stop at the site every day and visitors from around the world get off to see this place, the starting point of the concessions in the city. It all started in 1872, when the former British Consulate General was constructed and the Bund began its transformation into an the financial street of the East. Now the site of the former consulate is called “No 1 Waitanyuan”, which translates to “the Bund Origin”, to honor its beginnings. The entire plex of this historical site prises of five buildings, the former British Consulate General, the official residence of the consul, the former Union Church, the church apartments and the former Shanghai Rowing Club. The size of the courtyard is equivalent to that of four standard soccer fields. The building of the former consulate is a twostorey masonry building on an Hshaped plan in typical English renaissance style. The building is designed with a fivearch verandah on the ground floor with a raised terrace facing the garden, while the facade features an entry portico beneath a colonnaded loggia. It has been turned into a caf233
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