【正文】 于物流質(zhì)量管理存在 “ 三全 ” 特點(diǎn)，因此，全面質(zhì)量管理的一些原則和方法，同樣適用于物流質(zhì)量管理。 簡(jiǎn)述采購(gòu)的功能。 （ 1）采購(gòu)制約著企業(yè)銷售工作的質(zhì)量； （ 2）采購(gòu)制約著企業(yè)研發(fā)工作的質(zhì)量； （ 3）采購(gòu)決定著企業(yè)商品周轉(zhuǎn)的速度； （ 4）采購(gòu)關(guān)系到企業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)效益的實(shí)現(xiàn)程度； （ 5）做好采購(gòu)可以合理利用物質(zhì)資源； （ 6）做好采購(gòu)，可以溝通經(jīng)濟(jì)聯(lián)系； （ 7）做好采購(gòu)，可以洞察市場(chǎng)的變化趨勢(shì)； 簡(jiǎn)述電子商務(wù)和物流之間的相互的影響 1）電子商務(wù)對(duì)物流活動(dòng)的影響： （ 1）電子商務(wù)為物流業(yè)創(chuàng)造了一個(gè)虛擬運(yùn)動(dòng)空間。 （ 2）電子商務(wù)改變了物流的傳統(tǒng)模式。 （ 3）電子商務(wù)拓展了物流服務(wù)的空間。 （ 4）電子商務(wù)增強(qiáng)了物流時(shí)效性的要求。 （ 5）電子商務(wù)實(shí)現(xiàn)了對(duì)物流全過(guò)程的實(shí)時(shí)控制。 （ 6）電子商務(wù)促進(jìn)了物流技術(shù)水平的提高。 2）物流對(duì)電子商務(wù)的影響： （ 1）物流是電子商務(wù)的重要組成部分； （ 2）物流現(xiàn)代化是電子商務(wù)的基礎(chǔ)； （ 3）物流是實(shí)施電子商務(wù)的關(guān)鍵； （ 4）物流是電子商務(wù)的支點(diǎn)； 綠色物流的內(nèi)涵是什么？請(qǐng)結(jié)合實(shí)際談?wù)勅绾螌?shí)現(xiàn)綠色物流？ 綠色物流是指通過(guò)改變?cè)瓉?lái)經(jīng)濟(jì) 發(fā)展與物流、消費(fèi)生活與物流的單向作用關(guān)系，在抑制物流對(duì)環(huán)境造成危害的同時(shí)，形成一種能促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)和消費(fèi)生活健康發(fā)展的物流系統(tǒng)，從而向循環(huán)型物流轉(zhuǎn)變。其內(nèi)涵包括： （ 1）綠色物流是共生型物流（ 2）綠色物流是資源節(jié)約型物流（ 3）綠色物流是低熵型物流 4）綠色物流是循環(huán)型物流（ 4 分） 對(duì)環(huán)境保護(hù)的日益關(guān)注，使得傳統(tǒng)物流在促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)和消費(fèi)生活發(fā)展的同時(shí)，要減少物流活動(dòng)對(duì)環(huán)境造成的危害，并節(jié)省資源，這是綠色物流的核心。綠色物流的實(shí)現(xiàn)途徑： 建立工業(yè)和生活廢料處理的物流系統(tǒng)； 控制物流系統(tǒng)污染； 民間組織的倡導(dǎo)； 企業(yè)的自律； 技術(shù)進(jìn)步。 六、論述題 請(qǐng)結(jié)合實(shí)際談?wù)勎覈?guó)物流業(yè)的發(fā)展對(duì)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)的作用 。 物流在國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)中起到了基礎(chǔ)性支撐作用。在國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)和地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)中能夠發(fā)揮帶動(dòng)作用和支持整個(gè)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)的作用，能夠成為國(guó)家或地區(qū)財(cái)政收入的主要來(lái)源，能造成主要就業(yè)領(lǐng)域，能成為科技進(jìn)步的主要發(fā)源地和現(xiàn)代科技的應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域。 物流在國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)中的地位隨著物流業(yè)地不斷發(fā)展呈現(xiàn)出越來(lái)越重要的作用。其作用主要表現(xiàn)在宏觀和微觀兩個(gè)方面。 物流在宏觀層面上的作用主要表現(xiàn)在： （ 1）對(duì)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)的持續(xù)、穩(wěn)定、健康發(fā)展的保障作用； （ 2）對(duì)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)各行業(yè)資源配置的促進(jìn)作用； （ 3）對(duì)推動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)方式轉(zhuǎn)變的作用。 （ 4）對(duì)區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的促進(jìn)作用。 （ 5）對(duì)物流業(yè)相關(guān)產(chǎn)業(yè)快速發(fā)展的推動(dòng)作用。 物流在微觀層面上的作用主要表現(xiàn)在： （ 1）降低企業(yè)物流成本； （ 2）實(shí)現(xiàn)企業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)戰(zhàn)略； （ 3）滿足消費(fèi)者多樣化需求和增加消費(fèi)者剩余。 （ 4）聯(lián)系我國(guó)實(shí)際。 2 你怎樣理解物流活動(dòng)行為受法律規(guī)范？ 物流活動(dòng)中所涉及的法律面非常廣泛，有關(guān)的法律、法規(guī)、公約在內(nèi)容上也具有復(fù)雜性和多樣性的特點(diǎn)。此外，物流按活動(dòng)的范圍又可分為全球（國(guó)際）物流和國(guó)內(nèi) 物流，這兩種物流形態(tài)適用于不同的法律體系。而且隨著全球經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化的進(jìn)程，這兩種物流在很多情況下又互有交叉和重疊。 1．物資的流動(dòng)受到法律的制約 物資本身的流通，要受到國(guó)家法律法規(guī)的約束，有的物資可以自由流通，有的物資法律限制其流通，還有的物資被法律禁止流通；有的物資可以在國(guó)內(nèi)流通卻不能在國(guó)外流通，有的物資的流通要根據(jù)政府間的協(xié)議滿足一定的條件才能流通，等等。 2．運(yùn)輸工具的運(yùn)行要遵守相應(yīng)的規(guī)則 運(yùn)輸作為物流的重要環(huán)節(jié)，受到法律法規(guī)的制約。運(yùn)輸工具在水上、陸上、空中各種通道中運(yùn)行要遵 守一定的規(guī)則。 范 4．貨物、運(yùn)輸工具進(jìn)出國(guó)境受到口岸法規(guī)的制約 國(guó)際物流必須要經(jīng)過(guò)口岸進(jìn)出國(guó)境，任何對(duì)貨物或運(yùn)輸工具的監(jiān)管，都會(huì)影響物流的實(shí)現(xiàn)并影響物流的速度和效率。 5．物流活動(dòng)的其他環(huán)節(jié)同樣受到法規(guī)的制約 物流活動(dòng)的其他環(huán)節(jié)，指儲(chǔ)存、裝卸、搬運(yùn)、包裝、流通加工、配送、信息處理等，由于這些活動(dòng)主要在國(guó)內(nèi)進(jìn)行，因此更多地受到國(guó)內(nèi)法規(guī)的制約。但這也不是絕對(duì)的，比如包裝活動(dòng)的要求就需要根據(jù)貿(mào)易和運(yùn)輸?shù)木唧w情況適用于不同的規(guī)定。此外信息處理中既要適 用國(guó)內(nèi)的法規(guī)又要符合國(guó)際通用的準(zhǔn)則。 請(qǐng)您刪除一下內(nèi)容， O(∩_∩)O謝謝！?。?2021 年中央電大期末復(fù)習(xí)考試小抄大全，電大期末考試必備小抄，電大考試必過(guò)小抄 Shanghai’s Suzhou Creek has witnessed much of the city’s history. Zhou Wenting travels this storied body of water and finds its most fascinating spots. Some lucky cities can boast a great body of water, like London with the river Thames and Paris with the river Seine. Shanghai is privileged enough to have two great bodies of water: Huangpu River and Suzhou River became famous when colonists established clusters of grand buildings on its banks on what became known as the bund. Today, the bund overlooks the breathtaking skyline of Lujiazui financial district. Shanghai’s other body of water, however, Suzhou Creek, has been somewhat overshadowed. Suzhou Creek links the inland cities of Jiangsu province with Shanghai. When the British colonists, who arrived in the city after it was opened as a mercial port in 1843 found they could reach Suzhou, Jiangsu province, via the creek, they named it Suzhou Creek. Thanks to its location, a large amount of cargo and travelers were transported via the creek before rail links were established. But after a century of being utilized as a waterway to transport goods and labor, the creek grew dark and smelly. Industrial factories were established along the banks. In the 1990s it became a key task of the city government to clean the creek. Suzhou Creek, which snakes 17 km from the iconic Waibaidu Bridge downtown to the outer ring road in west Shanghai, maps the changing periods of the city’s history, including the imprints of the concessions, the beginning of industrialization and the improvement in people’s living conditions. Where the Bund began Inbetween the shopping street of East Nanjing Road and the Bund, are a cluster of streets that give me the illusion that I am no longer in modern Shanghai. The streets are narrow and old and crisscross each other. Any old residential house may turn out to be a former office of the British, constructed in the 1880s. Pawnshops and hardware stores that are hard to find elsewhere, are plentiful here. This area, at the confluence of Huangpu River and Suzhou Creek, is called the Bund Origin. Countless tour buses stop at the site every day and visitors from around the world get off to see this place, the starting point of the concessions in the city. It all started in 1872, when the former British Consulate General was constructed and the Bund began its transformation into an the financial street of the East. Now the site of the former consulate is called “No 1 Waitanyuan”, which translates to “the Bund Origin”, to honor its beginnings. The entire plex of this historical site prises of five buildings, the former British Consulate General, the official residence of the consul, the former Union Church, the church apartments and the former Shanghai Rowing Club. The size of the courtyard is equivalent to that of four standard soccer fields. The building of the former consulate is a twostorey masonry building on an Hshaped plan in typical English renaissance style. The building is designed with a fivearch verandah on the ground floor with a raised terrace facing the garden, while the facade features an entry portico beneath a colonnaded loggia. It has been turned into a caf233。 where dinner and afternoon tea are available. Visitors can choose to sit indoors or outdoors to enjoy the magnificent gardens with nearly 30 ancient trees. Yuanmingyuan Road behind the plex is also a historical site. The road has been revamped as a pedestrian shopping street and highend brands have seized the best spots. Altogether, 14 old buildings, including those used for offices and residences constructed during 1920s and 1930s, remain. Tod