【正文】 ore careful），只可能是 careful的反義詞 “not careful”?？梢?jiàn)，這種詞義猜測(cè)也是建立在對(duì)上下文的正確理解之上的。例如： 2021 四川省中考 “閱讀理解 ”題短文（ A）中有這樣兩段話(huà)： Most English people have three names : a first name , a middle name and the family name . For example , my full name is Jim Allan Green . Green is my family name . My parents gave me both of my other names. People don’t often use their middle names very much . So “John Henry Brown”is usually called “John Brown”. 該短文談到英國(guó)和美國(guó)人的姓氏規(guī)律。我們中國(guó)人的姓名是姓在前， “名 ” 在后。同時(shí)，英國(guó)人不常用中間那個(gè)名字（ People don’t often use their middle names very much. ）因此，一般叫作 “John Brown”。 此題中的美國(guó)朋友被稱(chēng)為 Lucy Smith ，根據(jù) “John Henry Brown”可以化簡(jiǎn)為 “John Brown”， “Brown”仍為 “姓 ”（ family name）這個(gè)信息，舉一反三，不難看出 “Lucy Smith”中 的 “Smith”是這 位美國(guó)朋友的 “姓 ”（ family name）。 4. 縱觀全文，概括大意。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，一篇文章中暗示主題的句子通常在文章的第一段或最后一段。首先，不妨觀察此文第一段： A shark is a large , fierce fish . What will you do if you meet a shark while you are swimming ? One man who knows all about sharks has given some rules to help you swim safely. 盡管此文談到鯊魚(yú)許多方面的生活習(xí)性，但是，其出發(fā)點(diǎn)是通過(guò)了解鯊魚(yú)的生活習(xí)性，告誡人們游泳時(shí) 如何保護(hù)自己。如果抓住短文中的只言片語(yǔ)，就把它確定為一篇文章的主題，則難免偏離主題，犯 “以偏概全 ” 的錯(cuò)誤。例如： 2021 年四川 “閱讀理解 ”短文題（ I）的故事性很強(qiáng)。伯父同意了，但是強(qiáng)調(diào) “but I’m not used to children . I live a very quiet and peaceful life. ”兩天后， Peter 發(fā)來(lái)電報(bào)：電文是： “Am returning child . Please send earthquake. ”不妨譯為：小孩送回，寧愿地震。 短文后有如下一個(gè)問(wèn)題： Which of the following is true ? A. Peter felt very happy when Johnny lived with him. B. Peter didn’t like to live with a child like Johnny. C. Johnny was a bad boy. ［解題指導(dǎo)］短文提到了地震的危害（ Many houses were broken. ），而且，也估計(jì)到下一次地震的 危害更大（ The second earthquake would be worse than the first. ）。也從另一個(gè)角度說(shuō)明 Peter 強(qiáng)調(diào)的 “I’m not used to children. ”（我不習(xí)慣帶小孩）也非同尋常。 設(shè)計(jì)這類(lèi)需要邏輯推理的試題時(shí)，一般來(lái)說(shuō)，作者在短文中總是會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)彎抹角，有目的地使用某些詞語(yǔ)來(lái) 暗示自己的觀點(diǎn)。在做這類(lèi) 題時(shí)，同學(xué)們必須依據(jù)文章提供的這些信息，進(jìn)行分析、推理、判斷，從而得出答案。 【模擬試題】 一 . 根據(jù)課文內(nèi) 容判斷正誤（ True or False） 1. Basketball was invented in 1861. （ ） 2. Basketball is a noncontact sport. （ ） 3. Naismith added backboards behind the baskets to help the players put the ball in the baskets. （ ） 4. A basketball team from China peted in the Berlin Olympic in 1936. （ ） 5. Chinese basketball players began to play in NBA. （ ） 6. Each team has 6 players at the beginning（ ） 二 . 用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空： Basketball is an international sport . It 1 （ play） by more than 100 million people in 208 countries . It 2 （ enjoy） by men and women , and by young and old . But few people know the history of basketball . It 3 （ invent） by Naismith , a Canadian doctor He 4 two fruit baskets as basket hoops , and 5 （ put） them high on the balcony. Later , the baskets 6 （ replace） by s and backboards 7 （ add） to stop people in the balcony from trying to catch the ball. In 1891 , the first basketball game 8 （ play） in history . In 1936 , basketball 9 （ bee） an Olympic event. 三 . 閱讀理解： Basketball is still a young game . It’s over a hundred years old . In the winter of 1891 , a certain college was having some trouble with its boy students . The weather was bad and the students had to stay indoors . As they couldn’t play outdoors , they were unhappy , and some even got into fights from time to time. Some of the teachers , at the college asked Dr. Naismith to invent a game so that the students might have something to play with . It was not easy to invent such a game because it had to be played indoors , and the court was not very large. Dr. Naismith thought for a few days and invented a kind of ball game . It was a fast , wonderful game with much moving and passing of the ball . It was played between two teams . To make a score , the ball had to be thrown into the basket ten feet above the floor on the wall . At each end of the court there was such a basket . At first , Dr. Naismith wanted to throw the ball into a box . As he could not find boxes of the right size , he had to use fruit baskets instead . That is how the game got its name. 根據(jù)短文選擇最佳答案。 ago , before , later , during , between （ 1） My grandfather died five years __________ （ 2） My grandmother had already died three years _______ （ that） （ 3） What’s the difference _________ soccer and rugby ? （ 4） They lived abroad _______ the war. （ 5） You go first , and I’ll e five minutes _______. 2. （ 1） Do you like sports ? Write down the reason. _______________________________ （ 2） What’s your favourite kind of sport ? Why do you like it ? _________________________________ 3. 運(yùn)用你的想象力，再過(guò) 100 年之 后，英式足球會(huì)變成什么樣。） 2. Hypothetical Conditionals. （初步學(xué)習(xí)虛擬語(yǔ)氣） 3. Give some advice with the target language. （使用虛擬句提出建議） （二）語(yǔ)言結(jié)構(gòu)（ Language Structures） 1. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣（掌握與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反或與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反的虛擬條件句） （三）目標(biāo)語(yǔ)言（ Target Language） 1. If I were you , I’d wear a shirt and tie. 如果我是你，我就會(huì)穿襯衫打領(lǐng)帶。 3. What would you do if you won a million dollars ? 如果你賺了一百萬(wàn)美元，你會(huì)做什么？ 4. What if I don’t know anyone ? 如果我一個(gè)人也不認(rèn)識(shí)怎么辦？ 5. You should eat lots of fruit