【正文】 ..等表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。② How has he done it?(A)How did he do it?(B)[說(shuō)明]他是怎么做的這件事？(A)句強(qiáng)調(diào)的是他做這件事的方式對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生了某種影響；(B)句單純的詢問(wèn)做這件事的方式。(A)句講的是到目前為止他在北京住了8年，可能還會(huì)繼續(xù)在北京住下去。(1)have been(to)與have gone(to)的區(qū)別：have been(to)表示“去過(guò)某地(現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回來(lái)了)”，可用于各人稱；have gone(to)表示“去某地了(說(shuō)話時(shí)某人不在當(dāng)?shù)?”，常用于第三人稱，前者可與once ,never,several times等連用，后者則不能。He has gone to 。如：It is two years since his father died.=His father has been dead for two 。如：I haven39。(2)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常見(jiàn)兩種句型： ①主語(yǔ)＋have / has been＋for短語(yǔ) ②It is＋一段時(shí)間＋ since從句 例如：He has been in the League for three is three years since he joined the 。這樣的動(dòng)詞有expect，hope，learn，lie，live，look，rain，sleep，sit，snow，stand，stay，study，teach，wait，want，work等 How long have you learnt English？你學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)多久了？ How long have you been learning English？（譯文同上。He has been sleeping for ten hours．（譯文同上。It has been snowing for a long time．（譯文同上。How long have you known that？你知道這事多久了？ He’s been in hospital since his accident． 他從發(fā)生事故之后，一直在醫(yī)院里。不用這些時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)指的是完成了的一個(gè)動(dòng)作。I’ve been writing letters since breakfast．早飯后我一直在寫(xiě)信。我想屋里沒(méi)有人。我想屋里沒(méi)有人現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別(1)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以表示一個(gè)已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作，而現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)則表示一個(gè)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作：I have read the 。【注】有少數(shù)動(dòng)詞(如work, study, live, teach, stay等)在表示持續(xù)一時(shí)間時(shí)用這兩種時(shí)態(tài)含義差不多(只是用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行進(jìn)更強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的持續(xù)性)：How long have you worked [been working] here? 你在這兒工作多久了？I’ve lived [been living] here since 。(陳述事實(shí))I have been waiting for two 。He has been living in (目前)住在巴黎。They’ve been married for twenty 。(5)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)不用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，若要用可用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)代替：The house has been painted for a 。助動(dòng)詞說(shuō)明該謂語(yǔ)是屬于現(xiàn)在時(shí)范圍。過(guò)去分詞是主要的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，說(shuō)明句子的意義。常被just、already、yet 等副詞修飾。ve just had (已經(jīng))吃午飯了嗎？ 我剛剛吃過(guò)。這個(gè)動(dòng)作可能剛停止，可能仍然在進(jìn)行。如：He has taught here since 1981他自1981年就在這兒教書(shū)。t seen her for four 。如： I have been to Beijing 。如：yesterday,last Sunday,in1990,three years ago等。如：We have already finished our 。t finished their homework 。多用于否定或疑問(wèn)句中，表示“曾經(jīng)”或“從未“等。，如just,before,up to now,the past few years等。He has been there three times the last few 。例如：Have you met him today?No,I haven39。How many times have you been there this year?今年你去過(guò)那里多少次？(2)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以和帶有since或for等表示“一段時(shí)間”的狀語(yǔ)連用,表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)從某一時(shí)刻開(kāi)始，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。t seen him for two ，像e,arrive,buy等終止性動(dòng)詞不能與表示“一段時(shí)間”的狀語(yǔ)連用?，F(xiàn)歸納總結(jié)一下由非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞到延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的轉(zhuǎn)換：arrive→be here begin(start)→be ondie →be dead e back→be backleave →be away fall ill(sick,asleep)→be ill(sick,asleep)get up→be up go out →be outfinish →be over put on →wear 或be onopen →be open join →be in或 be a member of…close →be closed go to school→be a studentborrow →keep buy →havecatch(a cold)→ have(a cold)get to know →knowbegin to study→study e to work→work等如：He has been a soldier for three 。The film has been on for ten ?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)都表示在過(guò)去完成的動(dòng)作。如對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果或影響等，而一般過(guò)去時(shí)只表示動(dòng)作在過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻發(fā)生，不表示和現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系。(現(xiàn)在還未找到)I lost my new book 。如：They have been to Beijing 。(2)如單純表示一段時(shí)間，或強(qiáng)調(diào)一段時(shí)間，雖有since一詞，也不必用完成時(shí)。(3)終止性動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的否定式，已變成一種可以延續(xù)的狀態(tài)，因此可以和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。t left here since ，我一直沒(méi)有離開(kāi)過(guò)這兒。s happened to known know knowHe has _______ been to Shanghai , has he ? Have you met Mr Li ______？ moment agoThe famous writer _____ one new book in the past two year writing writing writtenOur country ______ a lot so hope it will be even changed。good changed。betterZhao Lan ______already ______in this school for two 。study。studyingWe ______ Xiao Li since she was a little known known Harry Potter is a very nice it see seen These farmers have been to the United ? When _____ there ? they go they go they go they gone______ you ___ your homework yet ? _____ it a moment 。finished 。finished。have finished 。finish1His father ______ the Party since joined in been in1Do you know him well ? _________ friends since ten years been bee made1How long have you ____ here ?About two 1Hurry up!The play __________ for ten begun begun been 1It _____ ten years since he left the 1Miss Green isn39。t they they 39。、6月5日(June 5)是世界環(huán)境保護(hù)日，我們周圍的環(huán)境變得越來(lái)越糟糕，污染越來(lái)越嚴(yán)重??。As we all know，the environmemt around us is getting worse and some places，we can39?！癟here is only one earth”，I hope everyone will protect our environment well。假如你是李華，準(zhǔn)備以“What Can We Do for the Environment” 為題，寫(xiě)一篇保護(hù)環(huán)境的英語(yǔ)演講稿。在購(gòu)物時(shí)用布袋子替代塑料袋；(2)。離開(kāi)教室應(yīng)關(guān)燈；(4)。簡(jiǎn)述理由：保護(hù)環(huán)境，減少污染，節(jié)約能源等。The first thing we can do is to use cloth bags instead of plastic bags when we go helps to protect the second thing we can do is to reuse the old textbooks as possible as we should also never forget to turn off the lights when we leave the classrooms in order to save 39。In fact，even the simplest everyday activities can make a real difference to the believe we can make the world a better place to live in。提示詞； water，the source of life，protect drinking water，stop polluting，make full use of it。 forests，useful，stop cutting down。Save is the source of water，no it39。Save is can39。t forget to turn off lights or other electric machines when we finish working。Recycle useful of rubbish can be recycled like cans，paper，bottles，and so on。與父母相處的話題類作文難度較大，掌握基本句式，背誦范文非常必要。提示詞語(yǔ)：listen to，mother39。m afraid I39?！?“Put on more clothes。m annoyed(煩惱)。Your mother talks much，because she cares about it39。s I think you should listen to your opinions are different from your mother39。If your mother doesn39。I hope what I say here can help you a lot。How tokeep healthy /fit?All of us want to be ，we should get enough sleep during the can go to bed early and get up up late is bad for our ，we must have the right kinds of should eat more fruit and vegetables and less should drink a lot of should have healthy eating ，we should do more exercise to build up our ，we should be happy smile will make us younger。：健康一直是人們關(guān)注的問(wèn)題我校要舉行以“關(guān)愛(ài)健康”為題的主題班會(huì)，請(qǐng)根據(jù)下表內(nèi)容談?wù)勀愕目捶?，?xiě)一篇80字左右的演講槁。How to keep healthy /fit?Here is my advice about how to keep healthy/ a middle shool you39。Then you should pay attention to your diet or 39。t drink wine or are bad for your is my hope you are healthy a