【正文】 狀語(yǔ)，如：now,today,this morning(month,year,term)等。如：Have you ever been to the Great Wall?你曾經(jīng)去過(guò)長(zhǎng)城嗎？I have never been to the Great 。They haven39。但是，在強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作產(chǎn)生的后果和影響時(shí)，可以和一些表示不確定的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。(3)表示說(shuō)話前發(fā)生過(guò)一次或多次的動(dòng)作，現(xiàn)在成為一種經(jīng)驗(yàn)，一般譯為漢語(yǔ)“過(guò)”，常帶有twice,ever,never,three times等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。常帶有for和since等表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)。如：Have you had lunch yet?Yes,I 39。它和主語(yǔ)的人稱、數(shù)要保持一致。The war has lasted for a long 。(等得好辛苦)(3)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)通常用來(lái)談?wù)撦^短暫的動(dòng)作或情況，若要談?wù)摃r(shí)間延續(xù)較長(zhǎng)的動(dòng)作或情況或永久性情況，則通常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：He has lived in (一直)住在巴黎。I have been reading the 。I have knocked five times．I don’t think anyone’s in． 我敲了五次門。注意：現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)可以和時(shí)間短語(yǔ)連用，也可以不連用，這一點(diǎn)就有別于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，因?yàn)楹笳吲c像for six days，since June，never等一些時(shí)間短語(yǔ)連用才能表示這類動(dòng)作。）It has snowed for a long time．雪下了好長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了。在表達(dá)一個(gè)在過(guò)去開始而現(xiàn)在仍在繼續(xù)或剛剛結(jié)束的動(dòng)作時(shí)，某些動(dòng)詞既可以用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，也可以用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。(3)終止性動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的否定式，已變成一種可以延續(xù)的狀態(tài)，因此可以和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。如：They have been to Beijing 。③ He has lived in Beijing for 8 years.(A)He lived in Beijing for 8 years.(B)[說(shuō)明]他在北京住了8年。(2)一般過(guò)去時(shí)通常與表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。(只說(shuō)明去桂林的時(shí)間)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成了影響或產(chǎn)生了結(jié)果。This is the most interesting novel he has ever 。ll be the first time I39。It39?！鲇糜赥his/That/It is +the+形容詞最高級(jí)+名詞+that…句型中用在“It(This)is(will be)the first/second/third…time+ that從句”中在這種從句中，當(dāng)主句動(dòng)詞為is/will be時(shí)，that從句的動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，that 可以省略。如：We have known each other since we went to 、非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞不能直接和for 或since 連用，但我們可以找一個(gè)相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)來(lái)替換這些非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，如: e→be, e to→be in / at, go out→ be out, leave→be away，begin→be on, stop→ be over，buy→ have, borrow→ keep，open→be open, close→be closed, join→be a member of，die→be dead, catch a cold→have a cold, get to know→know，bee a teacher →be a teacher, fall asleep→be asleep, fall ill→ be ill等。因?yàn)楸硎镜氖浅掷m(xù)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，所以使用的動(dòng)詞通常是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞：be, stay, study, wait, keep, have… 等；使用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)通常由for或since 引導(dǎo)，但二者后接的詞有所不同：for后常跟一個(gè)時(shí)間段，指某個(gè)動(dòng)作到現(xiàn)在為止已持續(xù)了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。Have you ever sung this English song？你曾唱過(guò)這首英文歌嗎？ They haven39。）在學(xué)習(xí)這一概念的同時(shí)，還應(yīng)注意常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用的幾個(gè)副詞：already，just，ever，yet，never等。（一）表示過(guò)去發(fā)生或完成的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過(guò)去 但它的影響現(xiàn)在還存在；也可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或 狀態(tài)。（3）終止性動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的否定式，已變成一種可以延續(xù)的狀態(tài)，因此可以和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。如：They have been to Beijing 。③ He has lived in Beijing for 8 years.(A)He lived in Beijing for 8 years.(B)[說(shuō)明]他在北京住了8年。(2)一般過(guò)去時(shí)通常與表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。(只說(shuō)明去桂林的時(shí)間)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成了影響或產(chǎn)生了結(jié)果。句型It is the first（second, third...)time that...的that從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞須用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，表示到說(shuō)話時(shí)為止動(dòng)作發(fā)生過(guò)幾次。如：for three years, for half an hour等。t started yet．他們還沒有動(dòng)身。already，just多用于肯定句中，ever，yet，never多用于疑問(wèn)句和否定句中。“現(xiàn)在”在內(nèi)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，如：now,today,thismorning(month,year, term)等。如：Have you ever been to the Great Wall?你曾經(jīng)去過(guò)長(zhǎng)城嗎？I have never been to the Great 。They haven39。如：yesterday,last Sunday, in1990,three years ago等。(以下句子摘抄兩句) have finished my homework.(My homework is done, I can do something else.) has seen the doctor.(Now she knows what’s wrong with her.) have seen the film.(Now they know what the film is about.) has lost her pen.(Now she can’t see it.) you found your watch?(Do you have your watch now?) the train arrived?(Can we get on the train now?) Jenny invited you to her party?(Do you know her party? Will you go?) haven’t borrowed a book from the library.(Now I don’t have a library book.) hasn’t read the story.(He doesn’t know about the story.) haven’t washed my clothes.(My clothes are still dirty.)請(qǐng)將下面句子變成否定句，一般疑問(wèn)句，并做肯定否定回答，同時(shí)體會(huì)各個(gè)句子的含義，領(lǐng)悟現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法。如： Have you read that story？ 你讀過(guò)那個(gè)故事嗎？（“讀”這一動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響是：是否知道故事的內(nèi)容。t + 過(guò)去分詞 + 其他。過(guò)去分詞:規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成與動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式相同。屬于現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)的范疇。動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過(guò)去,但它的影響現(xiàn)在還存在；也可表示從過(guò)去開始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。(當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)用has,其余人稱用have。t/hasn39。t.(否定)（一）表示過(guò)去發(fā)生或完成的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。）請(qǐng)朗讀下面句子，體會(huì)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的含義?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)（1）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)屬于現(xiàn)在時(shí)范圍，故不能和過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如：We have already finished our homework.（We have finished our homework already.）我們已完成作業(yè)了。多用于否定或疑問(wèn)句中，表示“曾經(jīng)”或“從未“等。He has been there three times the last few 。How many times have you been there this year? 今年你去過(guò)那里多少次？在學(xué)習(xí)這一概念的同時(shí)，還應(yīng)注意常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用的幾個(gè)副詞：already，just，ever，yet，never等。Have you ever sung this English song？你曾唱過(guò)這首英文歌嗎？They haven39。因?yàn)楸硎镜氖浅掷m(xù)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，所以使用的動(dòng)詞通常是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞：be, stay, study, wait, keep, have… 等；使用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)通常由for或since 引導(dǎo)，但二者后接的詞有所不同：for后常跟一個(gè)時(shí)間段，指某個(gè)動(dòng)作到現(xiàn)在為止已持續(xù)了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。如：We have known each other since we went to 、非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞不能直接和for 或since 連用，但我們可以找一個(gè)相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)來(lái)替換這些非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，如: bee→be, e to→be in / at, go out→ be out, leave→be away(from), begin→be on, stop→ be over，buy→ have, borrow→ keep, open→be open, close→be closed, join→be a member of/be in, die→be dead, catch a cold→have a cold, get to know→know, bee a teacher →be a teacher，fall asleep→be asleep, fall ill→ be ill等。如： He visited Guilin in 。(著重點(diǎn)是現(xiàn)在有了一臺(tái)新電腦)兩種時(shí)態(tài)的區(qū)分(1)一般過(guò)去時(shí)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式，而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的謂語(yǔ)基本構(gòu)成是“助動(dòng)詞have /has +過(guò)去分詞”。② How has he done it?(A)How did he do it?(B)[說(shuō)明]他是怎么做的這件事？(A)句強(qiáng)調(diào)的是他做這件事的方式對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生了某種影響；(B)句單純的詢問(wèn)做這件事的方式。(四)幾點(diǎn)注意事項(xiàng)（1）have been(to)與have gone(to)的區(qū)別：have been(to)表示“去過(guò)某地（現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回來(lái)了）”，可用于各人稱；have gone(to)表示“去某地了（說(shuō)話時(shí)某人不在當(dāng)?shù)兀?，常用于第三人稱，前者可與once ,never,several times等連用，后者則不能。如：It is two years since his father died.=His father has been dead for two 。第二篇：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用法小結(jié)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用法小結(jié)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用來(lái)表示之前已發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，其結(jié)果的確和現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系。現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常與不確定的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，如：just, yet, before, recently, once, lately等；也可以同表示瀕度的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，如often, ever, never, sometimes, twice, on several occasions等；也同包括現(xiàn)在時(shí)間在內(nèi)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，如now, today, this morning, this year, this month等，但不能同特定的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用（in 1993, last year等）。（“買”這一動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是：擁有兩個(gè)蘋果。He has just had his meal．他剛吃過(guò)飯。（二）表示過(guò)去已經(jīng)開始，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。since 還可用作連詞，引導(dǎo)一個(gè)過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。如：It is the first time that I have visited your beautiful 。Do you know our town at all?你對(duì)我們城鎮(zhèn)熟悉嗎？No, this is the first time I have been ，這是我第一次來(lái)這里。It39。It(This)is the best(worst, most interesting等)+ 名詞+從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中的從句要求用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)This is the best film I’ve ever 。如： He visited Guilin in 。(著重點(diǎn)是現(xiàn)在有了一臺(tái)新電腦)兩種時(shí)態(tài)的區(qū)分(1)一般過(guò)去時(shí)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式，而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的謂語(yǔ)基本構(gòu)成是“助動(dòng)詞have /has +過(guò)去分詞”。② How has he done it?(A)How did he do it?(B)[說(shuō)明]他是怎么做的這件事？(A)句強(qiáng)調(diào)的是他做這件事的方式對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生了某種影響；(B)句單純的詢問(wèn)做這件事的方式。(1)have been(to)與have gone(to)的區(qū)別：have been(to)表示“去過(guò)某地(現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回來(lái)了)”，可用于各人稱；have gone(