【正文】 狀語，如：now,today,this morning(month,year,term)等。如：Have you ever been to the Great Wall?你曾經(jīng)去過長城嗎？I have never been to the Great 。They haven39。但是，在強(qiáng)調(diào)動作產(chǎn)生的后果和影響時(shí)，可以和一些表示不確定的時(shí)間狀語連用。(3)表示說話前發(fā)生過一次或多次的動作，現(xiàn)在成為一種經(jīng)驗(yàn)，一般譯為漢語“過”，常帶有twice,ever,never,three times等時(shí)間狀語。常帶有for和since等表示一段時(shí)間的狀語。如：Have you had lunch yet?Yes,I 39。它和主語的人稱、數(shù)要保持一致。The war has lasted for a long 。(等得好辛苦)(3)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)通常用來談?wù)撦^短暫的動作或情況，若要談?wù)摃r(shí)間延續(xù)較長的動作或情況或永久性情況，則通常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：He has lived in (一直)住在巴黎。I have been reading the 。I have knocked five times．I don’t think anyone’s in． 我敲了五次門。注意：現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)可以和時(shí)間短語連用，也可以不連用，這一點(diǎn)就有別于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，因?yàn)楹笳吲c像for six days，since June，never等一些時(shí)間短語連用才能表示這類動作。）It has snowed for a long time．雪下了好長時(shí)間了。在表達(dá)一個(gè)在過去開始而現(xiàn)在仍在繼續(xù)或剛剛結(jié)束的動作時(shí)，某些動詞既可以用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，也可以用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。(3)終止性動詞現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的否定式，已變成一種可以延續(xù)的狀態(tài)，因此可以和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。如：They have been to Beijing 。③ He has lived in Beijing for 8 years.(A)He lived in Beijing for 8 years.(B)[說明]他在北京住了8年。(2)一般過去時(shí)通常與表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用。(只說明去桂林的時(shí)間)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示動作發(fā)生在過去，對現(xiàn)在造成了影響或產(chǎn)生了結(jié)果。This is the most interesting novel he has ever 。ll be the first time I39。It39。■用于This/That/It is +the+形容詞最高級+名詞+that…句型中用在“It(This)is(will be)the first/second/third…time+ that從句”中在這種從句中，當(dāng)主句動詞為is/will be時(shí)，that從句的動詞用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，that 可以省略。如：We have known each other since we went to 、非延續(xù)性動詞不能直接和for 或since 連用，但我們可以找一個(gè)相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動詞或動詞短語來替換這些非延續(xù)性動詞，如: e→be, e to→be in / at, go out→ be out, leave→be away，begin→be on, stop→ be over，buy→ have, borrow→ keep，open→be open, close→be closed, join→be a member of，die→be dead, catch a cold→have a cold, get to know→know，bee a teacher →be a teacher, fall asleep→be asleep, fall ill→ be ill等。因?yàn)楸硎镜氖浅掷m(xù)的動作或狀態(tài)，所以使用的動詞通常是延續(xù)性動詞：be, stay, study, wait, keep, have… 等；使用的時(shí)間狀語通常由for或since 引導(dǎo)，但二者后接的詞有所不同：for后常跟一個(gè)時(shí)間段，指某個(gè)動作到現(xiàn)在為止已持續(xù)了多長時(shí)間。Have you ever sung this English song？你曾唱過這首英文歌嗎？ They haven39。）在學(xué)習(xí)這一概念的同時(shí)，還應(yīng)注意常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用的幾個(gè)副詞：already，just，ever，yet，never等。（一）表示過去發(fā)生或完成的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。動作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過去 但它的影響現(xiàn)在還存在；也可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或 狀態(tài)。（3）終止性動詞現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的否定式，已變成一種可以延續(xù)的狀態(tài)，因此可以和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。如：They have been to Beijing 。③ He has lived in Beijing for 8 years.(A)He lived in Beijing for 8 years.(B)[說明]他在北京住了8年。(2)一般過去時(shí)通常與表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用。(只說明去桂林的時(shí)間)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示動作發(fā)生在過去，對現(xiàn)在造成了影響或產(chǎn)生了結(jié)果。句型It is the first（second, third...)time that...的that從句中，謂語動詞須用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，表示到說話時(shí)為止動作發(fā)生過幾次。如：for three years, for half an hour等。t started yet．他們還沒有動身。already，just多用于肯定句中，ever，yet，never多用于疑問句和否定句中?！艾F(xiàn)在”在內(nèi)的時(shí)間狀語，如：now,today,thismorning(month,year, term)等。如：Have you ever been to the Great Wall?你曾經(jīng)去過長城嗎？I have never been to the Great 。They haven39。如：yesterday,last Sunday, in1990,three years ago等。(以下句子摘抄兩句) have finished my homework.(My homework is done, I can do something else.) has seen the doctor.(Now she knows what’s wrong with her.) have seen the film.(Now they know what the film is about.) has lost her pen.(Now she can’t see it.) you found your watch?(Do you have your watch now?) the train arrived?(Can we get on the train now?) Jenny invited you to her party?(Do you know her party? Will you go?) haven’t borrowed a book from the library.(Now I don’t have a library book.) hasn’t read the story.(He doesn’t know about the story.) haven’t washed my clothes.(My clothes are still dirty.)請將下面句子變成否定句，一般疑問句，并做肯定否定回答，同時(shí)體會各個(gè)句子的含義，領(lǐng)悟現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法。如： Have you read that story？ 你讀過那個(gè)故事嗎？（“讀”這一動作發(fā)生在過去，對現(xiàn)在造成的影響是：是否知道故事的內(nèi)容。t + 過去分詞 + 其他。過去分詞:規(guī)則動詞的過去分詞構(gòu)成與動詞過去式相同。屬于現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)的范疇。動作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過去,但它的影響現(xiàn)在還存在；也可表示從過去開始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。(當(dāng)主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)用has,其余人稱用have。t/hasn39。t.(否定)（一）表示過去發(fā)生或完成的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。）請朗讀下面句子，體會現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的含義?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語（1）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)屬于現(xiàn)在時(shí)范圍，故不能和過去的時(shí)間狀語連用。如：We have already finished our homework.（We have finished our homework already.）我們已完成作業(yè)了。多用于否定或疑問句中，表示“曾經(jīng)”或“從未“等。He has been there three times the last few 。How many times have you been there this year? 今年你去過那里多少次？在學(xué)習(xí)這一概念的同時(shí)，還應(yīng)注意常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用的幾個(gè)副詞：already，just，ever，yet，never等。Have you ever sung this English song？你曾唱過這首英文歌嗎？They haven39。因?yàn)楸硎镜氖浅掷m(xù)的動作或狀態(tài)，所以使用的動詞通常是延續(xù)性動詞：be, stay, study, wait, keep, have… 等；使用的時(shí)間狀語通常由for或since 引導(dǎo)，但二者后接的詞有所不同：for后常跟一個(gè)時(shí)間段，指某個(gè)動作到現(xiàn)在為止已持續(xù)了多長時(shí)間。如：We have known each other since we went to 、非延續(xù)性動詞不能直接和for 或since 連用，但我們可以找一個(gè)相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動詞或動詞短語來替換這些非延續(xù)性動詞，如: bee→be, e to→be in / at, go out→ be out, leave→be away(from), begin→be on, stop→ be over，buy→ have, borrow→ keep, open→be open, close→be closed, join→be a member of/be in, die→be dead, catch a cold→have a cold, get to know→know, bee a teacher →be a teacher，fall asleep→be asleep, fall ill→ be ill等。如： He visited Guilin in 。(著重點(diǎn)是現(xiàn)在有了一臺新電腦)兩種時(shí)態(tài)的區(qū)分(1)一般過去時(shí)的謂語動詞用過去式，而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的謂語基本構(gòu)成是“助動詞have /has +過去分詞”。② How has he done it?(A)How did he do it?(B)[說明]他是怎么做的這件事？(A)句強(qiáng)調(diào)的是他做這件事的方式對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生了某種影響；(B)句單純的詢問做這件事的方式。(四)幾點(diǎn)注意事項(xiàng)（1）have been(to)與have gone(to)的區(qū)別：have been(to)表示“去過某地（現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回來了）”，可用于各人稱；have gone(to)表示“去某地了（說話時(shí)某人不在當(dāng)?shù)兀保Ｓ糜诘谌朔Q，前者可與once ,never,several times等連用，后者則不能。如：It is two years since his father died.=His father has been dead for two 。第二篇：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用法小結(jié)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用法小結(jié)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用來表示之前已發(fā)生或完成的動作或狀態(tài)，其結(jié)果的確和現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常與不確定的過去時(shí)間狀語，如：just, yet, before, recently, once, lately等；也可以同表示瀕度的時(shí)間狀語連用，如often, ever, never, sometimes, twice, on several occasions等；也同包括現(xiàn)在時(shí)間在內(nèi)的時(shí)間狀語連用，如now, today, this morning, this year, this month等，但不能同特定的時(shí)間狀語連用（in 1993, last year等）。（“買”這一動作發(fā)生在過去，對現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是：擁有兩個(gè)蘋果。He has just had his meal．他剛吃過飯。（二）表示過去已經(jīng)開始，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。since 還可用作連詞，引導(dǎo)一個(gè)過去時(shí)態(tài)的時(shí)間狀語從句。如：It is the first time that I have visited your beautiful 。Do you know our town at all?你對我們城鎮(zhèn)熟悉嗎？No, this is the first time I have been ，這是我第一次來這里。It39。It(This)is the best(worst, most interesting等)+ 名詞+從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中的從句要求用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)This is the best film I’ve ever 。如： He visited Guilin in 。(著重點(diǎn)是現(xiàn)在有了一臺新電腦)兩種時(shí)態(tài)的區(qū)分(1)一般過去時(shí)的謂語動詞用過去式，而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的謂語基本構(gòu)成是“助動詞have /has +過去分詞”。② How has he done it?(A)How did he do it?(B)[說明]他是怎么做的這件事？(A)句強(qiáng)調(diào)的是他做這件事的方式對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生了某種影響；(B)句單純的詢問做這件事的方式。(1)have been(to)與have gone(to)的區(qū)別：have been(to)表示“去過某地(現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回來了)”，可用于各人稱；have gone(