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規(guī);要了解檢查的局限性( CT對(duì)后顱窩)和非特異性(腔隙梗死、頸椎骨質(zhì)增生) 大量錯(cuò)誤診斷的源頭! Labuguen RH. Initial evaluation of vertigo. Am Fam Physician, 2023, 73:. Colledge N, Lewis S, Mead G, et al. Magic resonance brain imaging in people with dizziness: a parison with nondizzy people. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 2023,72:587589. Hoffman RM, Einstadter D, Kroenke K. Evaluating dizziness. Am J Med, 1999, 107: 468478 診斷與鑒別診斷要點(diǎn) ? 全面地分析臨床表現(xiàn)、再結(jié)合患者的各種特點(diǎn)進(jìn)行綜合評(píng)估,絕不能僅僅依賴于臨床主訴或癥狀 ? 完全依賴對(duì)癥狀的區(qū)分可能并不能引導(dǎo)正確的診斷 ? 重視對(duì)癥狀持續(xù)時(shí)間、誘發(fā)因素及伴隨其他癥狀的分析 ? 應(yīng)本著科學(xué)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)膽B(tài)度,予以癥狀性而非病因性診斷,尤其應(yīng)注意將患者及時(shí)轉(zhuǎn)診到神經(jīng)科、耳科等有關(guān)專(zhuān)科予以明確診斷和隨訪,不能隨意地予以病因性診斷,導(dǎo)致患者軀體和心理疾病負(fù)擔(dān)增加和醫(yī)療資源浪費(fèi) 頭暈的主要病因 了解頭暈的常見(jiàn)病因 ,才能掌握這些疾病的主要臨床特征、才能在日常醫(yī)療工作中保持正確的診斷思路、才不會(huì)因不能區(qū)分常見(jiàn)病與罕見(jiàn)病而導(dǎo)致診斷延誤或過(guò)度的診斷性檢查 眩暈約占所有頭暈的半數(shù),其中前庭周?chē)哉呙黠@多于前庭中樞性者 ,是后者的 4~ 5倍。 Lawson J, Fitzgerald J, Birchall J, et al. Diagnosis of geriatric patients with severe dizziness. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1999,47:1217. Labuguen RH. Initial evaluation of vertigo. Am Fam Physician, 2023, 73:244251 Halmagyi GM, Cremer PD. Assessment and treatment of dizziness. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 2023, 68。要注意除偏頭痛外,前庭中樞性眩暈幾乎都伴隨有其他神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)癥狀和體征,很少僅以眩暈或頭暈為唯一表現(xiàn) Sloane PD, Coeytaux RR, Beck RS, et al. Dizziness: state of the science. Ann Intern Med, 2023, 134:823832. 施國(guó)文,熊昕麗,林巖,等 . 后循環(huán)梗死的臨床表現(xiàn)分析 . 中華內(nèi)科雜志, 2023,47: 393396. Bath AP, Walsh RM, Ranalli P, et l. Experience from a multidisciplinary dizzy clinic. Am J Otol, 2023, 21: 9297. Kroenke K, Hoffman RM, Einstadter D. How mon are various causes of dizziness? A critical review. South Med J, 2023,93: 160 不同臨床單位就診患者病因分析 ANN INTERN MED 1992。56:436 5353例神經(jīng)科頭暈門(mén)診患者的病因分析 Brandt 2023