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新編大學(xué)英語4課文翻譯和答案-在線瀏覽

2024-09-15 07:53本頁面
  

【正文】 共同參加的某個特殊事件的周年紀(jì)念日、生日或者節(jié)日。鑒于圣誕節(jié)的氛圍,就一年來所取得的成功與得到的好運(yùn)特意表示謝忱似乎是最恰到好處的。像“最了不起的”、“最聰明的”、“最漂亮的”這種最高級的表達(dá)法——使大家都感到高興。19 今天,我收到了以前的老板和精神導(dǎo)師諾曼?文森特?皮爾的一封溫暖的贊揚(yáng)信。我不知道這些信會不會使別人的一天別有意義,但是,對我自己確實(shí)如此。Reading prehension1略2 FFTFTFTFTTFTFTVocabulary1. Creating Compound Words STEP ONE:Column A Column B The pound words createdthrough day throughoutup man upbeat, upliftdraw eared drawbackteen ready teenagehand conscious handout, handwrittenbirth back birthday, birthstonechair distance chairmanrag beat ragearedever lift everreadyover age overdue, overage long due longdistance, longearedself stone selfconsciousmile out mileage, milestonetype wishing typewriter, typewrittenwell writer/written wellwishing, wellwrittenSTEP TWO: 1) longdistance 2) upbeat 3) everready 4) overdue 5) typewriter 6) milestone 7) handwritten 8) uplifted 9) selfconscious 10) rageared11) birthday 12) throughout 13) drawbacks 14) chairman 15) teenage2. 1) A. intrigued v. interest B. intrigue n. the act or practice of secretly planning to harm someone or make them lose their position of power 2) A. straining v. try very hard to do something using all your physical or mental strength B. strain n. a force that stretches, pulls or puts pressure on something 3) A. savor n. taste。 enjoy as much as you can 4) A. treasure v. treat something as being very special, important, or valuable B. treasure n. a store of gold, silver, jewels, etc. 5) A. credited v. consider … as having achieved something or being the reason for it B. credit n. trust。 supplying what is lacking or needed for pletion2) A. stationery B. stationary C. stationarystationary: not moving, or not changingstationery: writing materials (. paper, envelopes, etc.)3) A. typist B. typewriter C. typisttypewriter: a machine with a keyboard that you use for typing words directly onto a sheet of papertypist: a person who types, especially one employed to do so4) A. vulgar B. vague C. vaguevague: 1) not clearly expressed, known, described or decided 2) not clear in shape。 not educated5) A. pad B. pat C. padpad: 1) several sheets of paper fastened together, used for writing, drawing, etc. 2) a piece of soft thick cloth or rubber which is used to protect a part of the body, give shape to something or clean something 6) A. own B. owed C. owes D. ownedowe: 1) have to pay, for something already done or given 2) feel gratefulown: 1) a. belonging to oneself and to no one else 2) v. possess (something), especially by lawful right6.1) searched 2) clever 3) solution 4) wasted 5) tolerate 6) hidden 7) dumb 8) subject 9) noise 10) extra 11) purchased 12) replaced 13) appreciation 14) hurried 15) warrant 16) strangeUnit 3從文化角度看性別角色1 在過去的幾十年里,已經(jīng)無數(shù)次地證實(shí)了這樣一個事實(shí):構(gòu)成男子陽剛之氣和女子陰柔之氣的各種不同類型的行為、情感、和興趣都既是遺傳又是文化熏陶的結(jié)果。有些行為舉止是直接學(xué)到的。另一些跟性別有關(guān)的具體舉止是無意識地或間接地學(xué)會的,因?yàn)槲幕癁榕⒆雍湍泻⒆犹峁┑男蜗?、向往的目?biāo)以及成人的榜樣各不相同。據(jù)研究人員反映,這種偏愛是無意的、不知不覺的,但它確實(shí)存在,并每年都在影響著數(shù)百萬計(jì)學(xué)生的生活。他們的研究顯示,許多自認(rèn)為無性別偏愛的教師驚奇地發(fā)現(xiàn),從錄像帶上看他們竟是那么偏心。這對學(xué)習(xí)過程有著巨大的影響,因?yàn)榭偟膩碚f,那些積極的課堂活動參與者對學(xué)習(xí)更加樂觀有信心,并能在今后取得更大的成就。近年來,在法學(xué)院和醫(yī)學(xué)院的課堂上也發(fā)現(xiàn)了類似的情況:與男生相比女生處于次要的地位。例如,有位教師在給幼兒園的孩子上自然科學(xué)課時,不斷地讓小男孩去操作科學(xué)“實(shí)驗(yàn)”,而讓女孩子只是做一些安放材料的工作。4 美國教師中一個具有代表性的想法是,男孩擅長數(shù)學(xué)和自然科學(xué),這些學(xué)科都是“難懂的”、“適合于男性的”,而女孩會在語言和閱讀技能上比男孩強(qiáng)。結(jié)果美國的男孩們確實(shí)在閱讀上出了問題,而在數(shù)學(xué)方面女孩盡管在九歲以前一直比男孩強(qiáng),但此后卻落在了他們后面。然而這些特征是文化造成的,而非遺傳的原因。而在日本,由于早期教育似乎不分性別,女孩和男孩在閱讀上就旗鼓相當(dāng)。例如,有一項(xiàng)研究顯示了這樣一種情況:讓學(xué)齡前兒童看一幢房子的圖片,然后要他們說出家里允許他們走開多遠(yuǎn),這時男孩所指的范圍要比女孩大得多,女孩指出的范圍很有限,而且離家很近。這類教誨從家庭一直延續(xù)到課堂。教育過程占據(jù)了孩子除睡眠以外的大部分時間,社會則通過這一過程加強(qiáng)了它固有的價值觀,并按其傳統(tǒng)的、期望的模式造就了不同性別的人。本文將介紹一下學(xué)校和家長如何才能鼓勵孩子發(fā)展這一至關(guān)重要的能力。現(xiàn)在我們幾乎離不開它。在工作中,他研制了一種用于膠帶有黏性那面的物質(zhì),黏性很強(qiáng),能使物體粘在一起。最后德魯只好利用自己的時間改進(jìn)了這種膠帶。而他原來工作過的3M公司也從自己的失誤中吸取了教訓(xùn):現(xiàn)在該公司鼓勵員工抽出15%的工作時間專門用來開動腦筋搞創(chuàng)新。他們認(rèn)為,如果我們教育孩子進(jìn)行創(chuàng)造性思維,他們就能在明天的社會中更好地發(fā)揮作用。能取得成功的學(xué)生和成人都是那些會尋求各種辦法解決問題的人。一個人智力高并不意味著他必然能創(chuàng)造性地發(fā)揮才智。6 遺憾的是,學(xué)校還沒有想到要促使學(xué)生發(fā)揮創(chuàng)造性。其結(jié)果是,孩子們能夠反饋所學(xué)的知識,卻不知道如何靈活地應(yīng)用知識。7 然而,在有些學(xué)校里,教育者們正逐漸認(rèn)識到這一問題,并致力于研究能啟發(fā)學(xué)生創(chuàng)造性的新的教學(xué)方法。比如,教師不再簡單地問學(xué)生哥倫布何時發(fā)現(xiàn)了新大陸,他們可能讓學(xué)生思考如果哥倫布首先到達(dá)的不是加勒比地區(qū)而是紐約,情況會是如何。教師們認(rèn)為即便學(xué)生的回答會很可笑,也毫無關(guān)系,這也許是通向創(chuàng)造性的重要一步。家長和教師們則有責(zé)任和孩子共同努力,使那些念頭成為切實(shí)可行的建議。專家認(rèn)為必須創(chuàng)造一個可以自由發(fā)揮創(chuàng)造力的氛圍,一個尊重和贊賞而不是鄙視或不理會荒誕想法的環(huán)境。如果遇到合適的問題,家長可以就該問題征求孩子的意見,讓他們參與決策。家長還應(yīng)鼓勵孩子大聲談?wù)撍麄冋谧龅氖虑椤4舐暤卣務(wù)撚兄谔岣哒Z言能力和思維能力。當(dāng)家長表現(xiàn)出幽默時,孩子們就看到了最地道的創(chuàng)造性。要創(chuàng)造往往也得如此。應(yīng)該允許孩子自己做決定并清楚其后果,要讓孩子從盡可能早的年齡開始這樣做。隨著孩子慢慢長大,家長應(yīng)讓孩子自己做主支配時間或金錢;當(dāng)他們作出錯誤的決定時,不要不假思索地給予過多的幫助。因?yàn)楦挥袆?chuàng)造力的人有很強(qiáng)的動力,使他們能夠從混亂中創(chuàng)造秩序。Reading Comprehension1. 1) Introduction(para 1) It is introduced in the article how teachers and parents can encourage creativity in children. 2) An important strategy for parents and teachers to follow (para. 23) A. The strategy: To encourage children to spend time thinking and developing new ideas. B. The significance for adopting the strategy: If children can be taught to think creatively, they will be better able to function in tomorrow’s society. 3) The definition of creativity (para. 45) A. Who successful students and adults are: Those who can find a number of ways to approach problems. B. What creative people can do: They can use what they have to produce original ideas that are good for something. 4) A big problem in school (para. 6) The problem: Children can obtain and give back information, but can’t figure out ways to apply what they know in new situations. 5) A new approach to teaching (para 7) A. The approach: Combining the basics with the activities where students must use their imaginations. B. How to do so: By asking questions and meanwhile praising their ideas and new thoughts. C. How to facilitate the process: To create an atmosphere in which there is no risk in being creative a place where wild ideas are honored and valued, never scorned or dismissed. 6) Things parents can do at home to encourage creativity (
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