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【正文】 談的公認(rèn)目標(biāo)或方向 Categories of Maxims in CP 25 26 ? Maxim of Quantity:數(shù)量準(zhǔn)則 /適量準(zhǔn)則 ? Make your contribution as informative as required (for the current purposes of the exchange). ? Do not make your contribution more informative than required. ? Maxim of Quality:質(zhì)量準(zhǔn)則 /真實(shí)準(zhǔn)則 ? Do not say what you believe to be false. ? Do not say something if you lack adequate evidence。Pragmatics Chang Yueyuan 1120220431 2022/5/31 2 Contents ? 1 The Definition of Pragmatics ? 2 Speech Act Theory ? 3 Classifying Speech Acts ? 4 Conversational Implicature ? Cooperative Principle(CP) ? Categories of Maxims in CP ? Violation of the Maxims ? 5 References 1 Definition of Pragmatics ? Pragmatics can be defined as the study of how speakers use the sentences of a language to effect successful munication. ? The study of language in use. 2 Speech Act Theory ? John Austin (19111960) ? How to Do Things with Words (1962) ? speech acts: actions performed via utterances Performatives and Constatives ? Constatives 敘事句 ? Performatives施為句 6 ? Constatives: utterances which roughly serves to state a fact, report that something is the case, or describe what something is, eg: ? I go to the park every Sunday. ? I teach English. 7 ? Performatives: utterances which are used to perform acts, do not describe or report anything at all。 the uttering of the sentence is the doing of an action。 27 ? Maxim of Relation: 相關(guān)準(zhǔn)則 ? Be
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