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表語。例如:Your parents are very fine. 你父母身體很健康。s a fine 39。(2)nice主要側(cè)重于人或物的外表,有美好,漂亮的意思,也可用于問候或贊揚別人。These coats are very nice. 那些裙子很好看。It39。(3)good形容人時指品德好,形容物時指質(zhì)量好,是表示人或物各方面都好的普通用語。The red car is very good. 那輛紅色小汽車很好。例如:I39。My friends sing well. 我的朋友們歌唱得好。6. 本單元學(xué)過的詞匯、短語和句型;7. 本單元學(xué)過的日常交際用語。 【中考范例】1. (2004年北京市中考試題) Mary, please show ________ your picture. A. my B. mine C. I D. me【解析】答案:D。本題中動詞show后面跟雙賓語,空白處應(yīng)填入人稱代詞的賓格me作賓語。該題考查的是冠詞的基本用法。3. (2004年哈爾濱市中考試題) What _______ the number of the girls in your class? About twenty. A. is B. am C. are D. be【解析】答案:A。the number作主語,應(yīng)該是單數(shù)第三人稱,動詞be變?yōu)閕s。該題考查的是There be…句型和動詞have用法區(qū)別。初一年級(下)【知識梳理】I. 重點短語 1. a bottle of2. a little3. a lot (of)4. all day5. be from6. be over7. e back8. e from9. do one’s homework10. do the shopping11. get down12. get home13. get to14. get up15. go shopping16. have a drink of17. have a look18. have breakfast 19. have lunch20. have supper21. listen to22. not…at all23. put…away24. take off25. throw it like that26. would like27. in the middle of the day28. in the morning / afternoon/ evening29. on a farm30. in a factory II. 重要句型 1. Let sb. do sth.2. Could sb. do sth.?3. would like sth.4. would like to do sth.5. What about something to eat?6. How do you spell …?7. May I borrow…? III. 交際用語 1. —Thanks very much!—You39。s wrong?4. I think so. I don39。s your favourite sport?10. Don39。s right./ That‘s all right./ All right.14. Do you have a dictionary / any dictionaries?Yes, I do. / No, I don’t.15. We / They have some CDs.We / They don’t have any CDs.16. What day is it today / tomorrow?It’s Monday.17. May I borrow your colour pens, please? Certainly. Here you are.18. Where are you from?From Beijing.19. What39。t. ( I don39。s right./ That‘s all right./ All right.That’s right意為“對的”,表示贊同對方的意見、看法或行為,肯定對方的答案或判斷。That39。re right.說得對。例如:Many thanks. That39。s broken. That39。有時還可以表示“身體很好”Please tell me about it. 請把此事告訴我。Is your mother all right?你媽身體好嗎2. make/do這兩個詞都可以解釋為“做”,但含義卻不同,不能混用。Can you make a paper boat for me? 你能為我做個紙船嗎?He’s doing his homework 。如:“I want to go there by bus” , he said . 他說,“我要坐汽車到那里去。speak : “說話”,著重開口發(fā)聲,不著重所說的內(nèi)容,一般用作不及物動詞 (即后面不能直接接賓語 ) 。speak 作及物動詞解時,只能和某種語言等連用,表達在對話中恰當使用詞匯的能力。talk : 與 speak 意義相近,也著重說話的動作,而不著重所說的話,因此,一般也只用作不及物動詞, 不過,talk 暗示話是對某人說的,有較強的對話意味,著重指連續(xù)地和別人談話。Old women like to talk with 。如:He’s telling me a 。do the cooking 特指某一頓飯或某一家人的飯。從do some cooking可引出許多類似的短語:do some washing 洗些衣服do some shopping 買些東西do some reading 讀書do some writing 寫些東西do some fishing 釣魚從以上短語可引申出另一類短語,不能用some, much或定冠詞。前者強調(diào)一般性的愛好或者表示動作的習慣性和經(jīng)常性;后來表示一次性和偶然性的動作。6. other/ others/ the other/ anotherother表其余的,別的,如:Have you any other questions?你還有其他問題嗎?others 別的人,:In the room some people are American, the others are ,其他的是法國人。another表三者以上的另一個,另一些如:There is room for another few books on the 。in the tree表示某人、某事(不屬于樹本身生長出的別的東西)落在樹上,表示樹的枝、葉、花、果等長在樹上時,要使用on the :There are some apples on the tree. 那棵樹上有些蘋果。8. some/ any some和 any既可修飾可數(shù)名詞,也可修飾不可數(shù)名詞。(1)some常用于肯定句中,any常用于否定句和疑問句中。t any water in the glass.(2)在說話者希望得到肯定答復(fù)的一般疑問句中,或在表示請求,邀請的疑問句中,我們依然用some。 The plane is so high in the sky. 飛機在空中這么高。 (4)high可作副詞,tall不能。例如:Can you ride a bike?你會騎自行車嗎?What can I do for you?要幫忙嗎?Can you make a cake?你會做蛋糕嗎?(2) can用在否定句和疑問句中時有時表示說話人的懷疑猜測或不肯定。t be six o39。t be hungry so soon,Tom,you39。What can he mean?他會是什么意思?在日常會話中,can可代替may表示允許,may比較正式。 Can I use your pen?我能用你的鋼筆嗎? Of course,you 。m going ,你坐我的座位吧。例如:The doctor said he could help him.(能力)醫(yī)生說他能幫助他。At that time we thought the story could be true.(可能性)那時我們以為所說的可能是真的。例如:Could I speak to John,please?我能和約翰說話嗎?Could you?在口語中表示請求對方做事。能表示一般現(xiàn)在和一般過去兩種時態(tài),有時也能表示將來。例如:They have not been able to e to 。例如:She can’t find her ruler. 她找不到她的尺子啦。12. be sleeping/ be asleepbe sleeping 表示動作,意思是“正在睡覺”;be asleep 表示狀態(tài),意思是“睡著了”。The children are asleep 。這三個詞表示的是經(jīng)常性,一般性的動作或情況,常與一般現(xiàn)在時連用,常位于主要謂語動詞的前面,其他謂語動詞(be動詞,情態(tài)動詞和助動詞)的后面,有時也可位于句尾。 We usually play basketball after 。He often reads English in the 。How much meat do you want? 你要多少肉呀?How many students are there in your class? 你們班有多少人?15. be good for/ be good to/ be good atbe good for 表示對……有好處,而be bad for表示對……有害;be good to表示對……友好,而be bad to表示對……不好;be good at表示擅長,在……方面做得好,而be bad at表示在……方面做得不好。 Eating too much is bad for you 。 The boss is bad to his 。m bad at ,但是我不擅長。each從個體著眼,every從整體著眼。如:We each have a new 。 He gets up early every 。如:Each of them has his own 。17. 一般現(xiàn)在時/現(xiàn)在進行時一般現(xiàn)在時表示經(jīng)常性的或習慣性的動作或存在的狀態(tài),也表示說話者的能力,還有自然現(xiàn)象;而現(xiàn)在進行時表示正在進行或發(fā)生的動作(構(gòu)成方式為am/is /are/+doing)。I39。現(xiàn)在進行時常與now, these days, at the moment 或Look, listen等詞連用;而一般現(xiàn)在時常與often, always, sometimes, usually, every day, in the morning, on Mondays等連用。Look! They are cleaning the classroom .看!他們正在打掃教室呢。2.本冊書中常見的交際用語3.本冊書中一些重點的詞組和短語考試形式往往是單項填空、完形填空、短文改錯和短文填空。表示現(xiàn)在正在進行的動作,用現(xiàn)在進行時。第一個空作賓語,應(yīng)用人稱代詞的賓格me, 第二個空作定語,應(yīng)用形容詞性物主代詞my。說什麼語言常用動詞speak。只有a large number of 能用來修飾復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞people。I met him on the street. 我在街上遇見了他。like 意思是“喜歡”,“愛好”,而 would like 意思是“想要”。I’d like a glass of beer= I want a glass of beer. 我想要一杯啤酒。 例如:May I have another apple, please? 請在給我一個蘋果好嗎?This coat is too small for me. Please show me another這件外套我穿太小,請再給我拿一件看看。例如:He has two rulers. One is short. The other is long. 他有兩把尺子,一把短的,另一把長的。4. have to /must (1)have to和 must 都可以用來談?wù)摿x務(wù),但用法略有不同。如果談?wù)撃撤N來自“外界”的義務(wù),常用have to。(自己想戒煙)They have to work for the 。例如:I’ll have to get up early tomorrow 。(3)用于否定句時,mustn’t意思是“決不能”,“禁止”,而don’t have to意思是“不必”,相當于needn’t。You don’t have to go there today. You can go there 。5. hear sb. or sth. / herar sb. or sth. do sth.hear sb. or “聽到某人或某物在做某事”,而hear sb. or sth. do “聽到某人或某物做過某事”。I heard him sing an English 。6. any /someany和some 都可以同不可數(shù)名詞和可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式連用,但some一般用在肯定句中;any用在疑問句和否定句中。Have you any money? 你有錢嗎?I don’t have any money. 我一點錢也沒有。例如:Would you like some mo