【正文】 mean this is all academic. You know the things you learn in school don39?！安贿^不要對它們太死板，我是說這都是些學術的東西?！盌icto Simpliciter, she said. Besides, you really should practice what you preach.“絕對判斷，”她說道，“而且，你自己教的東西應該自己身體力行。Why? I demanded.“為什么？”我追問道.I39?！盬ith great effort, I said calmly, How could you give me the axe over Rob?Look at me, an ingenious student, a tremendous intellectual, a man with an assured at Rob,a muscular idiot,a guy who’ll never where his next meal is ing you give me one good reason why you should be with him?”我極力地保持著平靜，說道：“你怎么會甩了我而選擇羅伯？看看我，一個聰明過人的學生，一個不同凡響的學者，一個前途無量的人。你是否能給我一個充足的理由，為什么要選擇跟他？””Wow, what presumption! I’ll put it in a way someone as brilliant as you can understand,”retorted Polly,her voice dripping with sarcasm.””Full disclosure I like Rob in told him to say yes to you so he should have your jacket!” “喔，這是什么假設啊！為了讓像你這樣聰明的人能夠明白，我這么說吧，”波莉反駁道，聲音里充滿了諷刺，“事情的真相是——我喜歡羅伯穿皮衣。re a man, at some point a woman will ask you how she looks.如果你是一位男士，肯定在某個時候會有女士問你她看起來怎么樣。最好的對策就是給一個誠實但又謹慎的回答，然后借口有急事馬上脫身。對于她的這一問題，無論你事先練習多少次，都不會找到正確答案。re irresistibly desirable, and they refuse to change this opinion even when they grow bald and their faces visibly wrinkle as they age.其原因是，男性和女性對外表的看法截然不同。有些男性認為自己有不可抗拒的魅力，即使隨著年齡的增長，他們頭發(fā)掉光了，臉上布滿皺紋，他們?nèi)匀痪芙^改變這種看法。t bother them。t affix much value to their looks, or think of them in terms of aesthetics. Their primary form of beauty care is to shave themselves, which is essentially the same care they give to their lawns. If, at the end of his fourminute allotment of time for grooming, a man has managed to wipe most of the shaving cream out of the strands of his hair and isn39。s done all he can.我相信，大多數(shù)男性都不會對自己的相貌感到過分自傲。長相普通不會使他們有任何煩惱，因為普通就已經(jīng)是很好了。他們的打扮方式主要就是刮刮胡子，就像打理自家草坪一樣。Women do not look at themselves this way. If I had to guess what most women think about their appearance, it would be: Not good enough. No matter how attractive a woman may be, her perception of herself is eclipsed by the beauty industry. She has trouble thinking I39。如果非要我猜測大多數(shù)女性對自己的相貌是如何評價的話，那肯定是：“還不夠好。要她認為“我很漂亮”是一件難事。Why do women consider their looks so deficient? This chronic insecurity isn39。s waist, a relative measurement physically impossible for a living human to achieve. Contrast this absurd standard with that presented to little boys with their action figures. Most of the toys that young boys have played with were weirdlooking, like the one called BuzzOff that was part human, part flying insect. This guy was not a looker, but he was still extremely selfconfident. You could not imagine him saying to the others, Is this accessory the right shade of violet for this outfit?為什么女性會把自己的外貌想得這么差呢？這種長期的不安全感并不是與生倶來的，而是由許多復雜的心理和社會因素的相互作用造成的，從小時候大人們給她們買洋娃娃時就開始了。要達到這樣的標準是很荒唐的，尤其是當我們想想那種洋娃娃的腰圍尺寸，就知道其相對尺寸對任何一個活人來說都是不可企及的。大多數(shù)男孩的玩具都樣貌古怪，例如那個叫作“蜜蜂俠”的玩偶，一半像人，一半像會飛的昆蟲。你肯定無法想象他會問別人說：“這個配飾的紫羅蘭色和這件外套配不配呢？”But women grow up thinking they need to look like Barbie dolls or girls on magazine covers, which for most women is impossible. Nonetheless, the multibilliondollar beauty industry, plete with its own aisle in the grocery store, is devoted to constant warfare on female selfesteem, convincing women that they must buy all the newest moisturizing creams, bronzing powders and appliances that promise to stimulate and restore their skin. I once saw an Oprah Show in which supermodel Cindy Crawford dispensed makeup tips to the studio audience. Cindy had all these middleaged women apply clay masks and other wrinkleremoving products to their faces。s face or plexion.然而，女性在成長過程中卻認為自己應該長得像芭比娃娃或雜志的封面女郎那樣，這對大多數(shù)女性來說是不可能的。我曾經(jīng)看過一期《奧普拉脫口秀》，在節(jié)目中，超級名模辛迪?克勞馥和演播室里的觀眾分享了自己的化妝秘訣。所有這些婦女都非常忠實地按照辛迪說的做了。I39。m just saying that you39。t face the same societal focus purely on physical beauty, and they39。我的意思是你不可能讓一群中年男子在布拉德?皮特的指導下把化妝品敷到自己臉上，期望自己能看起來更像布拉德。人們會鼓勵男性借助其他特征來提升自尊。s flawless pink polish is exactly as invisible as another39。而事實是，大多數(shù)男性認為美麗不僅僅來自于口紅和香水，而且他們也不會去注意這些額外的細節(jié)。By participating in this system of extreme conformity, women are actually opening themselves up to the scrutiny of other women, the only ones qualified to judge their efforts. What is the real benefit of working this hard to appease men who don39。但是，如此費力地去取悅男性而他們卻根本不會注意，同時又只是招致其他女性的指責，這樣做究竟有什么好處呢？Anyway, to get back to my original point: If you39。t say she looks bad without receiving immediate and welldeserved outrage. But you also can39。ll know you39。s. Also,she suspects that you39。s appearance. This may be because you have shaving cream in your hair and inside the folds of your ears.不管怎樣，言歸正傳：如果你是一位男性，當有女士問你她看起來怎么樣時，你千萬不能說她看起來很糟糕，那樣肯定會使她立刻遷怒于你，這也是你咎由自取。她已經(jīng)花費了無數(shù)個小時發(fā)愁自己的容貌不能和辛迪?克勞馥的一樣。Unit 4Achieving sustainable environmentalism實現(xiàn)可持續(xù)性發(fā)展的環(huán)保主義Environmental sensitivity is now as required an attitude in polite society as is, say, belief in democracy or disapproval of plastic surgery. But now that everyone from Ted Turner to George H. W. Bush has claimed love for Mother Earth, how are we to choose among the dozens of conflicting proposals, regulations and laws advanced by congressmen and constituents alike in the name of the environment? Clearly, not everything with an environmental claim is worth doing. How do we segregate the best options and consolidate our varying interests into a single, sound policy?在上流社會，對環(huán)境的敏感就如同信仰民主、反對整容一樣，是一種不可或缺的態(tài)度。我們怎樣才能分離出最佳選擇，并且把我們各自不同的興趣統(tǒng)一在同一個合理的政策當中呢？There is a simple way. First, differentiate between environmental luxuries and environmental necessities. Luxuries are those things that would be nice to have if costless. Necessities are those things we must have regardless. Call this distinction the definitive rule of sane environmentalism, which stipulates that bating ecological change that directly threatens the health and safety of people is an environmental necessity. All else is luxury.有一種簡便的方法。奢侈品是指那些無需人類付出代價就能擁有的給人美好感受的東西。這一區(qū)分原則可以被稱為理性環(huán)保主義的至高原則。For example, preserving the atmosphere stopping ozone depletion and the greenhouse effect i