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中學英語語法分類復習-動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)-在線瀏覽

2025-02-28 02:49本頁面
  

【正文】 二、一般過去時 一般過去時表示過去的動作或存在的狀態(tài),這個動作可以是一次,也可能是經(jīng)常性的。 ② When I was young, I took cold bath regularly.(經(jīng)常) 一般過去時里,動詞 be 第一、三人稱單數(shù)為 was,其他人稱為 were,動詞have 一律用 had。用 助動詞did 構(gòu)成行為動詞的否定和疑問句。如: Who pointed out the mistake? 2)過去 經(jīng)常 發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。 I wonder/wondered if you could spare a few minutes. I want/wanted to ask if I can/could borrow your bike. I hope/hoped you can/could give us some help. 4)在虛擬語氣中常用一般過去時表示對 現(xiàn)在 或 將來 的假設(shè): If I were you, I would help him. It39。如: Could you lend me your book? Would you like a cup of tea? What should I do now? 6)表示過去經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作也可用 used to 或 would 兩者后接動詞原形表示。”,可以 接 狀態(tài) 動詞或 動作 動詞;后者不暗示現(xiàn)在 的情況 ,只能 接 動作 動詞。t he? ③ I would tell him some stories when I lived there. 7)一般過去時常用的狀語有: yesterday, in 1990, two years ago, last week, for + 時間段等。由“助動詞 shall(第一稱) / will(第二、三人稱) +動詞原形”構(gòu)成。另外還有其他幾種構(gòu)成形式: ① be going to do ② be to do ③ be (not)about to do ④ be doing ⑤ 一般現(xiàn)在時 ▲一般將來時 常用的狀語有: tomorrow, next week, from now on, in a month, in the future 等。如: I will be fifteen years old next year. Next time I39。ll speak more English and do more readingaloud. If it rains tomorrow, I will stay home. When I see him, I’ll tell him about it. 2)條件從句中只有兩種情況可用一般將來時: : If they won39。t arrive this morning, why should we wait here? 3)用 will 表示一種傾向、習慣動作或必然趨勢。 Children will be 。 This machine won39。t act. 4)“ be going to+動詞原形”:在表示打算或準備做某事時,如不提時間 /條件等時,多用此結(jié)構(gòu)。如: What are you going to do this evening? I39。s going to rain. 5 ) be doing 限于某些非延續(xù)性動詞 (如 go, e, stay, move, leave, start, finish等) 的進行時表示將來,表示按計劃安排要發(fā)生的事。(參見“現(xiàn)在進行時”) ① I am finishing my work. ② He is ing. ③ They are leaving for Tibet. 6)“ be to +動詞原形”表示吩咐、命令、約定、計劃中的或按職業(yè)義務、要求即將發(fā)生的動作?!薄U? 在這種情況下不可與表將來 時間狀語連用。 四、現(xiàn)在進行時 表示說話人 說話時正在進行的動作,或現(xiàn)階段內(nèi)在進行的動作,漢語常用“正在”表示。如: ① Is it raining? ② I am doing my homework. ③ The students are cleaning the classroom. 7 ④ What are you doing now? I39。 Is it snowing now? 2)表示現(xiàn)階段正在進行的動作,雖然此時此刻這一動作不一定在進行。 Don39。 4)現(xiàn)在進行時有時可用來表示在最近按安排或計劃要進行的動作 (多有表未來的時間狀語) ,但僅限于少量動詞: go,stay, e, leave, start, arrive, lunch, return, dine, work, sleep, stay, play, do, have, wear, take off 等。如: We are going there tomorrow. I39。 He is always thinking of his study.(他總是想著他的學習。下列動詞表示所給意義時,一般不可用進行時。 ② 表感情的 : love(愛) , like(喜歡) , hate(恨) , prefer(更喜歡) , want(想要) , wish(祝愿) , envy(嫉妒;羨慕 ), desire(渴望)等。 ④ 表思想和思考的 : believe(相信) , doubt(懷疑) , hope(希望) , know(懂得) , mind(在意) , mean(意味著) , remember(記得) , fet(忘記) , think(認 為) , understand(懂得) ,recognize(意識到) , guess(猜想) , suppose(假設(shè)) , suggest(建議) , propose(提議) ,等。 Allow(允許) , show( 表 明), prove(證明) ,require(要求) 等 。 He appears to want to 。 The dish smells 。如: The rich man is being poorer and poorer. ② 系動詞 feel, look 一般不用進 行時,但它們的表語若是表示主語的情緒、身體或精神狀態(tài)的形容詞時,既可用一般時,也可用進行時: He39。 You are 。 The boy is being nice 。 ④ be + 某些介詞短語,也可表達進行含義,如: be under repair/under one39。s way 等等。 Here es the bus. =The bus is ing. /There goes the bell. =The bell is ringing. ⑥有時兩種時態(tài)都可用,無多大差別: I wonder(am wondering)how I should answer them./Does your leg hurt (Is your leg hurting)? / It itches (is itching) terribly. / My back aches (is aching). 五、過去進行時 過去進行時由“助動詞 was(第一、三人稱)單數(shù) /were(其他人稱) +現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成。過去進行時與一般過去時的區(qū)別是:前者表示 正在進行的動作 ,后者表示一個 完成的動作 。但少數(shù)動詞 (如 :rain, snow,cough,wear, feel, work....),用一般過去時并不表示動作的完成 ,這時兩種時態(tài)在意義上差別不大 : It rained/was raining all day yesterday. He coughed/was coughing the whole night. 在強調(diào)動作延續(xù)較長時間時 ,用過去進行時稍好一點。常用狀語有 at that time, at this time yesterday 等。故事中間也會用它來描繪景象。 (2)正象現(xiàn)在進行時可以表未來動作 ,過去進行時也可以表從過去某時看來要發(fā)生的事。主要表示將來某時刻或某一段時間將正在進行的動作。它和一般將來時有時只有細微差別( I39。如: ① This time tomorrow, I shall be flying to Shanghai. ② What will you be doing at eight tomorrow morning? I39。t e at 7 o39?,F(xiàn)在完成時由“助動詞 have / has+過去分詞”構(gòu)成,現(xiàn)在完成時常用的狀語有 just, already, ever, never, before, yet, not如: ① Where have you been? I have been to the street. ② Have you ever been to Shanghai? ③ He has gone to the library. ④ I have lost my book. ⑤ Who has opened the door? 10 ⑥ Have you had your supper? ⑦ I have never seen such a big apple. ⑧ He has remembered 5
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