中學(xué)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法分類復(fù)習(xí)-動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)(文件)
【正文】 我買的第二輛車。 It must have rained last night. ⑧現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。如： He has died.（√） He has died for ten years.（） He died ten years ago.（√） I haven39。如： ① By the end of 1960, we had built 100 schools. ② I had learned some English words before I went to school. ③ He said he had known it. ④ When I had finished my work, I took a rest. ⑤ I had gone out by the time he came here. ⑥ He told me that he had suffered a great deal before. 注意 ① It was +時(shí)段 +since 從句。 I had hoped to have bee a doctor, but I didn39。 I meant to phone you, but I fot.（尤美） 我本想打電話給你，可是我忘了。 ※Ⅱ .hoped to do ： 還可 表示 不定式動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生或存在于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)之后， 并有可能實(shí)現(xiàn) 。 I hope to have finished by 。譯為“一?就?”。 On arriving, he had a sip of tea, took off his coat, and started to clean the room. ④ 在以 since 引起的狀語(yǔ)從句中用一般過(guò)去時(shí)較多，有時(shí)也用過(guò)去完成時(shí)： The girl had changed considerably since I had seen her. ⑤敘述過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情時(shí)，有時(shí)可以用過(guò)去完成時(shí)來(lái)追敘或補(bǔ)敘更早發(fā)生的事。常用時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有 by the end of, by this time tomorrow， by the time （這動(dòng)作可能仍然在進(jìn)行，也可能剛停止了一會(huì)兒） 。漢語(yǔ)經(jīng)常譯作“一直”。t drawn a conclusion yet. 十 一、過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí) 主要表示過(guò)去某時(shí)以前一直在進(jìn)行的一個(gè)動(dòng)作。 還用 were/was going to do, were/was to do, were/was about to do, were/was dong 結(jié)構(gòu)表達(dá)。如： ① He said he would go to work next week. ② She told me that she would be here. ③ We asked him where he would go. ④ He was about to go when his father came back. ⑤ He said it was going to rain. 1）表示過(guò)去習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作： When I went to Beijing， he would e to guide me. 我一去北京，他就給我當(dāng)向?qū)?。如? He said he was ing. I told him I was leaving. ※ 十三 .過(guò)去將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí) （如： should/would be writing)表從過(guò)去某時(shí)看，將來(lái)某時(shí)將正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或預(yù)計(jì)要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。 ※十六 .過(guò)去將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí) （如： should/would have been writing)表從過(guò)去某時(shí)看來(lái)未來(lái)某時(shí)前一直在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。用法如下： She doesn’t know where he will go. ②。需遵守時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)的主要是 名詞性從句 的謂語(yǔ)和作表語(yǔ)的 sorry, glad, worried, certain, uncertain, sure 等 形容詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句 中的謂語(yǔ)。在時(shí)間或條件狀語(yǔ)從句中需要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)來(lái)代 16 替它。 She said she would pay us a visit when she had time. 她說(shuō)她有時(shí)間就會(huì)來(lái)拜訪我們。 would do 也可表示過(guò)去習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作 （此時(shí)不管無(wú)論什么人稱都用 would） ，前面常有一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)說(shuō)明在什么情況下往往如此。 ① He told me he had been waiting for me for two hours. ② By the time the city was liberated， he had been working for 20 years. 十二、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí) 由“ should（第一人稱） /would（其他人稱） +動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成。ve been seeing quite a lot of each other recently. All these years they have been contributing articles to our magazine. I have been waiting for you for two hours. It has been raining. What have you been doing all the morning? I have been watering the flowers in the garden. I have been reading Lu Xun this week. 注意 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去或開始于過(guò)去，強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響或結(jié)果；現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)作開始于過(guò)去，強(qiáng)調(diào)延續(xù)或直接結(jié)果。在強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作延續(xù)時(shí)間的長(zhǎng)久時(shí)用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)更多一些。等，如 ： ① By the end of next month, I shall have learned 100 texts. ② We will have built the bridge by the time he es back next year. ③ By this time tomorrow, I shall have finished the work. 十、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí) 由 have(has) + been doing構(gòu)成。 九、將來(lái)完成時(shí) 由“ shall(will) + have done”構(gòu)成。 14 ②如果兩個(gè)動(dòng)作緊接發(fā)生，常常不用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，特別是在含有 before 和 after的復(fù)合句中。但 after 從句中的動(dòng)作可用一般過(guò)去時(shí)代替過(guò)去完成時(shí)，含 before 從句的主句中，也用一般過(guò)去時(shí)就行： When he arrived at the station, the train had left. =After the train (had)left, he arrived at the station.= The train left before he arrived at the station. ④ “ by +過(guò)去時(shí)間”作狀語(yǔ) ,謂動(dòng)常用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。 ※Ⅲ .hope/hopes to have done：表示動(dòng)作的完成，不表沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)的行為。但是我太忙了。t. I hoped to have bee a doctor, but I didn39。 It was five years since the building had been painted. 這樓有五年沒刷了。由“ had＋過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成。 I have worked here for ten years. ，但肯定句中不接 since/for 引出的表示 時(shí)間段 的狀語(yǔ) （否定句中可以） 。 It was the most interesting book that I had ever read. 它是我曾經(jīng)讀過(guò)的最有趣的書。 It is the first time that I have seen so much money. 這是我頭一次看到這么多的錢 。ve seen it with my own eyes. 我要親眼看到它，我才會(huì)相信你。ll go and see the exhibition as soon as I have got the recorder fixed. 這里用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)是表示這動(dòng)作將在 另一動(dòng)作之前完成，如果兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，或幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生，一般就不用這個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)。 2)在“ It is +段時(shí)間 + since 句型 ”中，時(shí)間一律以 since 從句的動(dòng)作完成時(shí)算起，如： It39。 I haven39。t seen him since 1987. I haven39。 He has been to Beijing several times. It’s the third time that I have seen the film. 說(shuō)明 ①現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常與 lately, recently, so far, already, these days, ever,just,up to now 等表時(shí)間的副詞或時(shí)間短語(yǔ)連用。（ 注意 ： have been to 表示 “曾經(jīng)去過(guò)某地，現(xiàn)已回來(lái)” ； have gone to 表示 “已經(jīng)去某地，現(xiàn)在還沒回來(lái)” ） ☆由于 arrive,e,bee,join 和 get up 等動(dòng)詞表短暫動(dòng)作不可延續(xù)，需
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