【正文】 時(shí)間因素通盤(pán)考慮，做出系統(tǒng)、科學(xué)地安排，使護(hù)理人員明確職責(zé)，工作效率得到提高，保證醫(yī)院護(hù)理質(zhì)量，同時(shí)降低人力資源成本 [1]。護(hù)士排班是 醫(yī)院日常工作 的重要方面。基于模擬退火的護(hù)士排班算法研究 摘要 隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展， 國(guó)內(nèi)外醫(yī)療問(wèn)題越來(lái)越受注。護(hù)士是醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)中的重要成員。 科學(xué)合理的護(hù)士排班能降低醫(yī)院的人力資源成本，提高護(hù)理質(zhì)量。 由于 護(hù)士排班問(wèn)題受 各種勞動(dòng)法規(guī)約束，不同護(hù)士的能力 有 差異以及護(hù)士 有班次 偏好需求，護(hù) 士排班問(wèn)題是極為復(fù)雜的組合優(yōu)化問(wèn)題，屬 NP 難問(wèn)題。 本文首先 對(duì)護(hù)士排班問(wèn)題建立整數(shù)規(guī)劃模型， 考慮護(hù)士級(jí)別和偏好 ，在 減少醫(yī)院成本的同時(shí)，盡量滿(mǎn)足護(hù)士對(duì)于班次的偏好。 詳細(xì) 設(shè)計(jì)了模擬退火算法， 首先在不破壞一些約束的情況下（如晚班后不能接著上早班）， 隨機(jī)產(chǎn)生初始解，然后 用增加護(hù)士和減少班次的方法 對(duì)初 始解進(jìn)行可行化，再在不破壞解的可行性的情況下，對(duì)排班表進(jìn)行變換來(lái)產(chǎn)生 新解，構(gòu)成模擬退火的關(guān)鍵部分 ，再設(shè)計(jì)接受準(zhǔn)則和算法參數(shù)，完成了算法的設(shè)計(jì) 。 關(guān)鍵字：護(hù)士排班； 建 模； 模擬退火算法 Study on Nurse Scheduling Algorithm Based on Simulated Annealing Abstract As the rapid development of economy, health anization is highly concerned at home and abroad. Nurses are important members of health anization. Nurse scheduling is an important part of daily operation in hospitals. Scientific and reasonable nurse scheduling can not only reduce the operating costs of hospitals but also improve the quality of nursing work. Nurse scheduling is a normal job of nurses at basic level, considering the nursing work, content, process, personnel, and time factors, which is making systematic and scientific plan to make nurses clear about their work, improve the proficiency and quality of their work and reduce personnel cost. Because nurse scheduling problem is constrained by many rules of labor law and there are differences of abilities and preferences between different nurses, nurse scheduling is a bination optimization problem, belonging to NP hard problem. The thesis has built the integer programming of nurse scheduling problem, considering the levels and preferences of nurses. The thesis tries to use simulated annealing method to solve the nurse scheduling problem. At first, initial solution is generated randomly. At the same time, the up work time of a nurse is protected not to be broken and other constrains are concerned, for example, when a nurse gets a night shift, he can’t get the morning shifts the other day. Then adding nurse and subtracting shift methods are used to make the schedule feasible. In addition, much iteration is used to make the schedule better. Finally, programs are written in C++ builder environment and good result is reached. Key words: nurse scheduling, model, simulated annealing algorithm 目錄 摘要 ......................................................................................................... I Abstract ................................................................................................. II 1 緒論 ..................................................................................................... 1 選題背景和意義 ....................................................................... 1 國(guó)內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀 ........................................................................ 1 國(guó)內(nèi)研究現(xiàn)狀 .................................................................................... 2 國(guó)外研究現(xiàn)狀 .................................................................................... 3 研究?jī)?nèi)容與組織結(jié)構(gòu) ............................................................... 3 2 護(hù)士排班問(wèn)題建模 ............................................................................. 5 護(hù)士排班問(wèn)題 ............................................................................ 5 護(hù)士排班問(wèn)題整數(shù)規(guī)劃模型 .................................................... 6 3 基于模擬退火的護(hù)士排班算法 .......................................................... 7 模擬退火算法概述 .................................................................... 7 基于模擬退火的護(hù)士排班算法設(shè)計(jì) ......................................... 9 方案可行化 ..................................................................................... 11 新解的產(chǎn)生 ..................................................................................... 12 接受準(zhǔn)則 ......................................................................................... 14 參數(shù)設(shè)計(jì) ............................................................................................ 14 4 基于模擬退火的護(hù)士排班算法實(shí)現(xiàn)與案例分析 ............................. 14 案例背景 ................................................................................. 14 算法實(shí)現(xiàn) ................................................................................. 15 類(lèi)的設(shè)計(jì) ............................................................................................ 15 模擬退火算法實(shí)現(xiàn) ........................................................................... 16 結(jié)果分析 ................................................................................. 16 5 總結(jié)與展