【正文】 rt sentences are preferable to long in the presentation of plex information. Listings 步研究提出一些建議。研究報(bào)告的最后一個(gè)必要部分就是討論所獲得的結(jié)果，闡述從那些結(jié)果中得出的任何結(jié)論。如果所進(jìn)行的實(shí)驗(yàn)不能證實(shí)什么，如果資料不充分或與期望相反，那么研究報(bào)告就應(yīng)該如實(shí)而且盡可能完整地寫(xiě)下來(lái)，就象假設(shè)被研究證實(shí)了的那樣把它寫(xiě)下來(lái)。這部分的基本原則就是對(duì)最初提出的問(wèn)題提供一切有關(guān)的資料。 結(jié)果部分。如果要對(duì)不同泳姿的相應(yīng)效果進(jìn)行研究的話，那么就要詳細(xì)說(shuō)明參加測(cè)試的人數(shù)，進(jìn)行測(cè)試的性質(zhì)，游泳者的經(jīng)歷，進(jìn)行測(cè)試的天氣條件，以及對(duì)整個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)有影響的其它因素。研究報(bào)告的第二大部分準(zhǔn)確闡述了，用盡可能多的資料，研究是如何進(jìn)行的。并且很可能是從某種調(diào)查研究中得出來(lái)的。s natural tendency might be to suppress any findings which do not in some way support one39。這可能包括對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題以前的研究者作出的貢獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行總結(jié)以及對(duì)這些貢獻(xiàn)作出某種評(píng)價(jià)。這樣，舉例來(lái)說(shuō)，如果我們開(kāi)始回答 “經(jīng)常食用快餐 食品對(duì)美國(guó)青少年有什么影響？ ”那么我們就必須解釋?zhuān)藛?wèn)題認(rèn)為同這部分的人口有著非常密切的關(guān)系，可能導(dǎo)致對(duì)此類(lèi)食品作出某種規(guī)定。這一部分要求準(zhǔn)確闡述研究者要問(wèn)答的根本問(wèn)題。 問(wèn)題部分。 研究報(bào)告的要素 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的研究報(bào)告，不論是哪個(gè)領(lǐng)域或針對(duì)哪類(lèi)讀者，都有四個(gè)主要部分。的確，一個(gè)人如果沒(méi)有從事研究工作的基本技能和將研究成果清楚而完整地表達(dá)的能力，那么他就會(huì)在學(xué)習(xí)和工作中碰到許多障礙。 education, advertising and marketing, economics and accounting, science and engineering, psychology, anthropology, the arts, and agriculture may all require regular reporting of research data. ELEMENTS OF THE RESEARCH PAPER The standard research report, regardless of the field or the intended reader, contains four major sections. These sections may be broken down into a variety of subsections, and they may be arranged in a variety of ways, but they regularly make up the core of the report. Problem Section. The first required section of a research report is the statement of the problem with which the research project is concerned. This section requires a precise statement of the underlying question which the researcher has set out to answer. In this same section there should be an explanation of the significance social, economic, medical, psychological, educational, etc. of the question。s research projects for presentation to teachers, managers, and clients. Indeed, without basic research skills and the ability to present research results clearly and pletely, an individual will encounter many obstacles in school and on the job. The need for some researchwriting ability is felt nearly equally by college students in all fields, engineering and science as well as business and the humanities. Graduate study often makes great demands on the student39。6 冊(cè)全文 課文翻譯 第六冊(cè) RESEARCH REPORTS FOR BUSINESS AND THECNICAL WRITING A surprising amount of one39。s time as a student and professional is spent reporting the results of one39。s researchwriting skills, and most professions continue the demand。 in other words, why the investigation was worth conducting. Thus, if we set out, for example, to answer the question What is the effect of regular consumption of fast foods on the health of the American teenager? we must explain that the question is thought to have significant relevance to the health of this segment of the population and might lead to some sort of regulations on such foods. A frequent subsection of this problem section is a review of past research on the topic being investigated. This would consist of summaries of the contributions of previous researcher to the question under consideration with some 商務(wù)、技術(shù)研究報(bào)告的寫(xiě)作 作為學(xué)生和專(zhuān)業(yè)人員，他們花了大量時(shí)間將自己的研究項(xiàng)目的結(jié)果報(bào)告給老師，經(jīng)理和委托人?？蒲袑?xiě)作能力的需要對(duì)于在各個(gè)領(lǐng)域的學(xué)生都是相等的，無(wú)論理工科學(xué)生還是商務(wù)、人文學(xué)科的學(xué)生都是這樣研究生階段的學(xué)習(xí)對(duì)學(xué)生的科研寫(xiě)作提出了很高的要求，而且大多數(shù)職業(yè)繼續(xù)要求這樣：教育（學(xué)）、廣告與市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷(xiāo)、經(jīng) 濟(jì)學(xué)與會(huì)計(jì)學(xué)，理工科、心理學(xué)、人類(lèi)學(xué)、藝術(shù)以及農(nóng)藝可能都要定期報(bào)告研究的信息。這些大的部分可以分成許多小的部分，而且結(jié)構(gòu)安排可以多種多樣，但是報(bào)告的核心通常由這四大部分組成的。研究報(bào)告的首要部分就是陳述研究項(xiàng)目所涉及的問(wèn)題。在這同一個(gè)部分里應(yīng)該從社會(huì)、經(jīng)濟(jì)，醫(yī)學(xué)、心理、教育方面來(lái)解釋問(wèn)題的意義：換言之，為什么值得進(jìn)行這項(xiàng)研究。 問(wèn)題這一部分通常有一個(gè)小部分對(duì)該課題過(guò)去的研究民情況進(jìn)行回顧。這一小部分具有修辭作用，因?yàn)樗@示了所提供的資料是在對(duì)本領(lǐng)域所取得的成 assessment of the value of these contributions. This subsection has rhetorical usefulness in that it enhances the credibility of the researcher by indicating that the data presented is based on a thorough knowledge of what has been done in the field and, possibly, grows out of some investigative tradition. Procedures Section. The second major section of the research report details, with as much data as possible, exactly how the study was carried out. This section includes description of any necessary equipment, how the subjects were selected if subjects were used, what statistical technique was used to evaluate the significance of the findings, how many observations were made and when, etc. An investigation of the relative effectiveness of various swimstrokes would have to detail the number of swimmers tested, the nature of the tests conducted, the experience of the swimmers, the weather conditions at the time of the test, and any other factors that contributed to the overall experiment. The goal of the procedures section is to allow the reader to duplicate the experiment if such were desired to confirm, or refute, your findings. Results Section. The third, and perhaps most important, section of the research report is the presentation of the results obtained from the investigation. The basic rule in this section is to give all data relevant to the research question initially asked. Although, of course, one39。s hypothesis, such dishonesty is antithetical to good research reporting in any field. If the experiments undertaken fail to prove anything, if the data was inadequate or contrary to expectations, the report should be honestly written and as plete as possible, just as it would be if the hypothesis were totally proven by the research. Discussion Section. The final required section of a research report is a discussion of the results obtained and a statement of any conclusions which may be drawn from those results. Of primary interest in business and technical research reports is the validity of the results as the bases for pany decisions: Will our planned construction project meet federal environmental guidelines and be approved for building? Will this new program attract skilled personnel to our pany? Will this new oil rec