【正文】 d mental energy. You will never learn to really speak and understand a foreign language if you have to translate in your mind. Instead, learn to associate the new sound directly with the image in your mind. So when we hear the sound ‖Baum‖ or ‖shajra‖ or ‖shu‖, we don’t want to think, ‖Hmmmm. Baum means tree, which means that great big green leafy thing.‖ 要學(xué)習(xí)外語，你必須擺脫逐詞翻譯的想法。這些各式各樣的詞本身并不是樹。在阿拉伯國家，它的名字是 shajra。 There is an important idea here. In America our name for that big green leafy thing is ‖tree‖, but in Germany the name for that thing is ―Baum‖. In Arab countries the name is ―shajra‖. And in China they say ‖shu‖. These various words are not themselves ―trees‖. They are just some of the many hundreds of different sounds used in the world to represent that great big green leafy thing. 這里有一個重要的概念。但是你仍然得學(xué)習(xí)那個新單詞。只是這一次，因為你已經(jīng)長大，所以能夠更快地去理解需要做的事。 That’s what you must learn to do again when you are learning a foreign language. You need to learn to associate sounds with objects, and to think in a new way. Only this time, since you are grown up, you will be able to understand what needs to be done much faster. You’ll know why somebody is pointing to a tree and saying a strange word. You may even have to relearn it many times before you finally actually learn it. 這是你在學(xué)習(xí)外語是必須再次學(xué)會做的事。 Learning to Think All Over Again 學(xué)會重新思考 When you were a child, you didn’t know what a tree was at first. Somebody had to tell you. Probably your parents took you outside, pointed to a tree and said, ‖Tree!‖ You had to learn to associate the sound of the word ― Tree‖ with the big green leafy thing you saw in front of you. 當(dāng)你還是個孩子的時候，起初你并不知道樹是什么，得有人告訴你。第一單元 如何成為一個成功的語言學(xué)習(xí)者 TEXT A How can you learn a foreign language well? According to the author of this text, you might need to think in a new way, a process almost like going back to childhood again… 如何學(xué)好一門外語？根據(jù)這篇文章的作者，你也許需要用一種新的方式去思考，這一過程幾乎像是再次回到童年。 。也許你的父母帶你到外面，指著一棵樹說， ―樹！ ‖你得學(xué)會將 ―樹 ‖這個詞的音跟你眼前那個高大的綠色的長滿葉子的東西聯(lián)系起來。你得學(xué)會將聲音和事物聯(lián)系起來，用一種新的方式思考。你會知道為什么有人指著一棵樹，說著奇怪的單詞。說不定還得重復(fù)學(xué)習(xí)多遍才能最終真正的掌握它。在美國我們稱那個高大的綠色的長滿葉子的東西為 tree，但是在德國那東西叫 Baum。在中國，我們稱它為 shu。它們只是世界各地用來代表那個高大的綠色的長滿葉子的東西的幾百種聲音中的幾個。翻譯會消耗太多的時間和腦力。相反，你得學(xué)會將新的聲音和頭腦中的形象直接聯(lián)系起來。 ‖ Don’t think that the challenge of new thinking will be limited only to the area of new words it is going to go much deeper than that. Let’s use an analogy: you can build a house using materials of very different sizes and shapes. English uses one set of building blocks, but other languages will use differentshaped building blocks that take some creativity to put together at first . Where we use two blocks, they may use three smaller ones—or maybe one large one. 別以為學(xué)習(xí)用新的方式思考的挑戰(zhàn)僅限于新詞：它涵蓋的范圍要廣得多。英語使用一套構(gòu)成要素，但其他語言可能使用不同的構(gòu)成要素，起初還得用一些創(chuàng)造力才能將它們拼起來。 Here an example of an English sentence: We have to buy a few books before going home. When translating into almost any foreign language, you will not take each English word and substitute a foreign word for it .You will instead be substituting groups of words or ideas from one language to the other. How each language will choose to group the ideas depends on the language. In French or Spanish, for example, we have to buy is broken down into three words: we/have to /buy .In Turkish, however, the Turks are to reduce all these four words to only one. 以一個英語句子為例： We have to buy a few books before going 翻譯成哪種外語，你都不會取出每個單詞然后逐個地用外語單詞去替代。至于每種語言如何選擇詞來表達(dá)某個概念，各種語言不盡相同。 So learn to start thinking in terms of bundles of concepts or ideas that will be converted to new language and not single words. Try to think in a for