【正文】 核武庫的安全并避免使用核武器。你和我都不必提出這樣的問題：美國和俄羅斯領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人是否將奉行恐怖的均勢(shì)──我們了解，我們兩國之間發(fā)生任何戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，都將產(chǎn)生悲慘的結(jié)局。t have to ask whether American and Russian leaders will respect a balance of terrorwe understand the horrific consequences of any war between our two we do have to ask this question: We have to ask whether extremists who have killed innocent civilians in New York and in Moscow will show that same have to ask whether 10 or 20 or 50 nucleararmed nations will protect their arsenals and refrain from using ，美國和俄羅斯的幾代人繼承了可以毀滅其他國家的力量，同時(shí)也認(rèn)識(shí)到使用這種力量也會(huì)造成自身的毀滅。First, America has an interest in reversing the spread of nuclear weapons and preventing their ，逆轉(zhuǎn)核武器擴(kuò)散的趨勢(shì)，防止核武器的使用，是美國的利益所在。俄羅斯的國家利益用不著我來闡釋，但我可以告訴你們，美國的國家利益是什么。對(duì)于以往相互抗衡的對(duì)手而言，相互建立持久的伙伴關(guān)系有很大的困難，改變我們的政府和官僚機(jī)構(gòu)數(shù)十年來形成的根深蒂固的習(xí)慣勢(shì)力，任務(wù)也十分艱巨。s national interests, but I can tell you about America39。s difficult to forge a lasting partnership between former adversaries, it39。這必須是美俄兩國人民的持久努力，以明確雙方的共同利益，擴(kuò)大對(duì)話與合作，從而為取得進(jìn)步鋪平道路。ve had excellent discussions with both your President and your Prime must be a sustained effort among the American and Russian people to identify mutual interests, and expand dialogue and cooperation that can pave the way to “重啟”美俄關(guān)系的理由所在。That39。如我在開羅所說，鑒于我們的獨(dú)立，任何世界秩序——鑒于我們的相互依存，任何企圖使一個(gè)國家或一個(gè)群體凌駕于另一個(gè)國家或另一群體之上的世界秩序必將失敗。在2009年，一個(gè)強(qiáng)國不是靠控制或妖魔化其他國家顯示實(shí)力。還有一種19世紀(jì)的觀念，認(rèn)為我們注定要爭(zhēng)奪勢(shì)力范圍，認(rèn)為大國只有形成相互爭(zhēng)奪的集團(tuán)，才可達(dá)到平衡。a conception of power that is rooted in the past rather than in the is the 20th century view that the United States and Russia are destined to be antagonists, and that a strong Russia or a strong America can only assert themselves in opposition to one there is a 19th century view that we are destined to vie for spheres of influence, and that great powers must forge peting blocs to balance one ，令人遺憾的是，有時(shí)存在著一種感覺，認(rèn)為昔日的設(shè)想，過去的思維方式一定占上風(fēng)；一種基于過去而非基于未來的實(shí)力觀。應(yīng)對(duì)這些挑戰(zhàn)必須靠全球合作，如果俄羅斯占在它應(yīng)有的大國位置上，這種合作關(guān)系會(huì)更為有力。an international system that protects sovereignty and human rights, while promoting stability and challenges demand global partnership, and that partnership will be stronger if Russia occupies its rightful place as a great ，在銘記這一歷史的同時(shí)，我們也認(rèn)識(shí)到一個(gè)強(qiáng)大、富有生機(jī)的俄羅斯對(duì)未來的有益作用。access to markets and opportunity。誠如約翰?肯尼迪（John Kennedy）總統(tǒng)所說，“在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)史上，任何國家都不曾遭受過蘇聯(lián)在二次世界大戰(zhàn)中所遭受的那種苦難。盡管兩國曾互為對(duì)手，但兩國人民在上一世紀(jì)最偉大的斗爭(zhēng)中互為聯(lián)盟。To begin with, let me be clear: America wants a strong, peaceful, and prosperous belief is rooted in our respect for the Russian people, and a shared history between our nations that goes beyond our past rivalry, our people were allies in the greatest struggle of the last , I noted this when I was in Normandyfor just as men from Boston and Birmingham risked all that they had to storm those beaches and scale those cliffs, Soviet soldiers from places like Kazan and Kiev endured unimaginable hardships to repealto repel an invasion, and turn the tide in the President John Kennedy said, “No nation in history of battle ever suffered more than the Soviet Union in the Second World War.” 首先，我要清楚表明：美國希望有一個(gè)強(qiáng)大、和平和繁榮的俄羅斯。決定將由你們作出。t have clear answers, and so now they must be answered by youby your generation in Russia, in America, and around the get to while I cannot answer those questions for you, I can speak plainly about the future that America is 。最重要的是，我們從你們所有人——將按自己的意愿去塑造一個(gè)年輕世紀(jì)的年輕人——身上看到這種進(jìn)步。a place of learning and inquiry where the test of an idea is not whether it is Russian or American or European, but whether it all, we see that progress in all of youyoung people with a young century to shape as you see ——在新經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)院，看到了這種進(jìn)步。盡管經(jīng)歷了痛苦，但東歐和俄羅斯很多人的生活比20年前大大改善。曾有過艱難的時(shí)期。In a new Russia, the disappearance of old political and economic restrictions after the end of the Soviet Union brought both opportunity and few prospered, but many more did were tough the Russian people showed strength and made sacrifices, and you achieved hardearned progress through a growing economy and greater despite painful times, many in Eastern Europe and Russia are much better off today than 20 years ，舊的政治與經(jīng)濟(jì)束縛隨著蘇聯(lián)的解體而消失，這既帶來機(jī)遇，也造成困苦。意識(shí)形態(tài)的斗爭(zhēng)逐漸減少，但代之而起的是部落、種族和宗教沖突。貧困在這里存在，在美國存在，在全世界存在。ve been replaced by conflicts over tribe and ethnicity and human being with a puter can hold the same amount of information stored in the Russian State Library, but that technology can also be used to do great ，這種說法的正確性在全世界得到證實(shí)?！爆F(xiàn)實(shí)的世界并不像書本上那樣理性。1993年，貴校成立后不久，新經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)院一位學(xué)生在接受記者采訪時(shí)概括了改革的艱難。如同所有巨大變革的時(shí)期一樣，這是一個(gè)大展宏圖的時(shí)代，一個(gè)充滿無限機(jī)會(huì)的時(shí)代。for new arrangements among nations, and new opportunities for all periods of great change, it was a time of ambitious plans and endless , of course, things don39。由于無數(shù)國家多少年來采取的行動(dòng)，由于俄羅斯和東歐人民挺身而出，決心以和平方式告別過去，冷戰(zhàn)從此宣告結(jié)束。And then, within a few short years, the world as it was ceased to , make no mistake: This change did not e from any one Cold War reached a conclusion because of the actions of many nations over many years, and because the people of Russia and Eastern Europe stood up and decided that its end would be ，世界不復(fù)以往。從天體物理學(xué)到體育運(yùn)動(dòng)，相互間的競(jìng)賽往往被視為你死我活的爭(zhēng)斗。當(dāng)年，美國軍隊(duì)和蘇聯(lián)軍隊(duì)仍在歐洲集結(jié)、訓(xùn)練并準(zhǔn)備交戰(zhàn)。re not old enough to have witnessed the darkest hours of the Cold War, when hydrogen bombs were tested in the atmosphere, and children drilled in fallout shelters, and we reached the brink of nuclear you are the last generation born when the world was that time, the American and Soviet armies were still massed in Europe, trained and ready to ideological trenches of the last century were roughly in in everything from astrophysics to athletics was treated as a zerosum one person won, then the other person had to ，你們當(dāng)時(shí)年紀(jì)尚幼，未能親歷冷戰(zhàn)最黑暗的年代，那時(shí)在大氣層試爆了氫彈，孩子們進(jìn)入防空洞參加演習(xí)，我們?cè)?jīng)走到核災(zāi)難的邊緣。然而，在你們邁出這一步之前，有必要回顧在你們成長(zhǎng)期間發(fā)生的歷史?！?今天，我特別希望對(duì)即將畢業(yè)的同學(xué)說一些話。你們盡管以經(jīng)濟(jì)為重點(diǎn)，但對(duì)人類的未來也同樣至關(guān)重要。in finance and before you move forward, it39。(掌聲)Here at NES, you have inherited this great cultural legacy, but your focus on economics is no less fundamental to the future of Pushkin said, “Inspiration is needed in geometry just as much as poetry.” And today, I want particularly to speak to those of you preparing to 39。奧韋奇金(Alexander Ovechkin)。其中也包括我自己的國家，幾十年來因俄羅斯移民獲益良多；我國獲得俄羅斯文化的豐富營養(yǎng)，也因與俄羅斯的合作得到發(fā)展。re very pl