【正文】 可以為防止核武器擴(kuò)散并避免其實(shí)際使用提供法律和道義的基礎(chǔ)。re already taking important steps to build this , President Medvedev and I made progress on negotiating a new treaty that will substantially reduce our warheads and delivery renewed our mitment to clean, safe and peaceful nuclear energy, which must be a right for all nations that live up to their responsibilities under the we agreed to increase cooperation on nuclear security, which is essential to achieving the goal of securing all vulnerable nuclear material within four 。這個(gè)條約將大大減少我們的彈頭和運(yùn)載系統(tǒng)的數(shù)量。我們同意加強(qiáng)在核安全問題上的合作，這對(duì)于達(dá)到在四年內(nèi)保障所有危險(xiǎn)核材料的安全的目標(biāo)至關(guān)重要。s why we should be united in opposing North Korea39。s efforts to acquire a nuclear I39。不論美國還是俄羅斯，我們兩國都不可能從東亞和中東的核武器競賽中獲益。我感到高興的是，梅德韋杰夫總統(tǒng)和我同意對(duì)彈道導(dǎo)彈問題──21世紀(jì)彈道導(dǎo)彈構(gòu)成的挑戰(zhàn)，包括來自伊朗和北韓的威脅──聯(lián)合進(jìn)行威脅評(píng)估。s about the responsibilities of all we fail to stand together, then the NPT and the Security Council will lose credibility, and international law will give way to the law of the that benefits no I said in Prague, rules must be binding, violations must be punished, and words must mean ，而是涉及到所有國家的責(zé)任。這對(duì)任何人都沒有好處。The successful enforcement of these rules will remove causes of know Russia opposes the planned configuration for missile defense in my administration is reviewing these plans to enhance the security of America, Europe and the I39。s nuclear and ballistic missile program is eliminated, the driving force for missile defense in Europe will be eliminated, and that is in our mutual 。為了加強(qiáng)美國、歐洲和全世界的安全，本屆政府正在審議有關(guān)計(jì)劃。事實(shí)上，我希望與俄羅斯在導(dǎo)彈防御框架的問題上相互合作，從而加強(qiáng)我們大家的安全。這符合我們的共同利益。s most dangerous weapons, a second area where America has a critical national interest is in isolating and defeating violent ，美國具有重大國家利益的第二個(gè)問題是孤立并戰(zhàn)勝暴力極端主義分子。Islamabad and Kabul。re plotting to kill more of our people, and they benefit from safe havens that allow them to train and operateparticularly along the border of Pakistan and ，“基地”組織及其附庸褻瀆了一個(gè)代表和平與正義的偉大宗教，殘酷無情地殺害各種國籍和各種信仰的男子、婦女和兒童。這些極端主義分子在安曼和巴厘島殺人；在伊斯蘭堡和喀布爾殺人；他們的手上也沾滿美國人和俄羅斯人的血。And that39。s why I39。s time to work together on behalf of a different futurea future in which we leave behind the great game of the past and the conflict of the present。我們不謀求建立基地，也不希望控制這些國家。正是因?yàn)檫@個(gè)原因，我對(duì)俄羅斯允許美國經(jīng)貴國領(lǐng)土為我們的盟軍運(yùn)送物資感到高興?，F(xiàn)在，我們應(yīng)該為實(shí)現(xiàn)另一種前途攜手努力 ── 我們不再進(jìn)行以往的大規(guī)模競賽，同時(shí)努力解決當(dāng)前的沖突，讓我們都為中亞的安全做貢獻(xiàn)?！皣H主權(quán)應(yīng)該是國際秩序的奠基石，” 奧巴馬在莫斯科新經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)院發(fā)表演講時(shí)稱，就像所有國家都應(yīng)該有權(quán)選擇他們的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人一樣，各國也有權(quán)鞏固邊防和制定他們的外交政策。這些原則應(yīng)該運(yùn)用到所有的國家——其中包括格魯吉亞和烏克蘭。2009年7月7日奧巴馬在俄羅斯新經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)院畢業(yè)典禮的演講（中英對(duì)照）REMARKS BY THE PRESIDENT AT THE NEW ECONOMIC SCHOOLGRADUATION Gostinny Dvor Moscow, Russia July 7, 2009美國總統(tǒng)奧巴馬在俄羅斯新經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)院畢業(yè)典禮上的演講Gostinny Dvor 會(huì)展中心俄羅斯,莫斯科 2009年7月7日Thank you so , congratulations, to the entire Class of 2009, congratulations to don39。m sure that you39。祝賀你，奧科薩納(Oxana)。我不知道是否還有其他人像我一樣在同窗讀書時(shí)遇到未來的妻子或丈夫，不過我肯定你們都會(huì)有美好的前途。蒞會(huì)的有米哈伊爾(掌聲)我感謝新經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)院院長謝爾蓋(掌聲)學(xué)院董事會(huì)主席馬克斯(掌聲)學(xué)院董事會(huì)成員兼校友會(huì)會(huì)長阿爾卡季(掌聲)Good is a great honor for me to join you at the New Economic and I are so pleased to be in as somebody who was born in Hawaii, I39。我非常榮幸能參加新經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)院的這次活動(dòng)。作為出生在夏威夷的人，我感到高興的是能在7月而不是1月份來到這里。s timeless writers have helped us understand the plexity of the human experience, and recognize eternal painters, posers, and dancers have introduced us to new forms of scientists have cured disease, sought new frontiers of progress, and helped us go to ，新經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)院是一個(gè)年輕的院校，但今天我心懷對(duì)俄羅斯不朽的傳統(tǒng)的高度敬重之情對(duì)你們發(fā)表講話。俄羅斯畫家、作曲家和舞蹈家使我們領(lǐng)略到了美的新形式。These are contributions that are not contained by Russia39。s heritage has touched every corner of the world, and speaks to the humanity that we includes my own country, which has been blessed with Russian immigrants for decades。ve been enriched by Russian culture, and enhanced by Russian as a resident of Washington, ., I continue to benefit from the contributions of Russiansspecifically, from Alexander 39。毫無疑問，俄羅斯的傳統(tǒng)已傳播到世界每一個(gè)角落，激發(fā)了我們共有的人性。作為首都華盛頓哥倫比亞特區(qū)的居民，我繼續(xù)獲得俄羅斯人的貢獻(xiàn)帶來的惠益──特別是因?yàn)閬喠ι酱笏≡谌A盛頓哥倫比亞特區(qū)，我們非常高興。re poised to be leaders in academia and industry。s worth reflecting on what has already taken place during your young ，你們繼承了這個(gè)偉大的文化傳統(tǒng)。正如普希金所說，“靈感對(duì)于幾何學(xué)，如同靈感對(duì)于詩歌一樣必不可少。你們即將成為學(xué)術(shù)界和工業(yè)界的領(lǐng)軍人，成為金融界和政界的主力。Like President Medvedev and myself, you39。你們是全世界壁壘分明的時(shí)期出生的最后一代人。上一個(gè)世紀(jì)意識(shí)形態(tài)的壁壘大致依舊。一方獲勝，另一方必失。如今毫無疑問的是：這個(gè)變革并非由任何一個(gè)單獨(dú)的國家引發(fā)。With the end of the Cold War, there were extraordinary expectationsfor peace and for prosperity。t always work out exactly as in 1993, shortly after this school opened, one NES student summed up the difficulty of change when he told a reporter, and I quote him: “The real world is not so rational as on paper.” The real world is not so rational as on ，人們產(chǎn)生種種殷切的期待── 希望實(shí)現(xiàn)和平與繁榮；建立國家間的新秩序，以及為個(gè)人提供新機(jī)會(huì)。然而，任何事物都不可能時(shí)時(shí)一帆風(fēng)順，事事如人心愿。他說道：“現(xiàn)實(shí)的世界并不像書本上那樣理性。Over two tumultuous decades, that truth has been borne out around the wealth has been created, but it has not eliminated vast pockets of crushing exists here, it exists in the United States, and it exists all around the people have gone to the ballot box, but too many governments still fail to protect the rights of their struggles have diminished, but they39。雖然創(chuàng)造出巨額財(cái)富，但它并未消除遍布四方的極度貧困。有更多的人參加了投票，但仍有太多國家的政府仍舊未能保護(hù)本國人民的權(quán)利。一個(gè)擁有電腦的人可以擁有與俄羅斯國家圖書館（Russian State Library）等量的信息，但這種技術(shù)也可被用于制造嚴(yán)重傷害。一些人致富了，但更多的人沒有。但俄羅斯人民顯示了堅(jiān)韌不拔的力量，作出了犧牲，通過經(jīng)濟(jì)增長取得了來之不易的進(jìn)步，并且增強(qiáng)了信心。We see that progress here at NESa school founded with Western support that is now distinctly Russian。這個(gè)在西方支持下成立的學(xué)院如今具有鮮明的俄羅斯特色，成為從事研究與探索的學(xué)府；在這里，檢驗(yàn)一個(gè)理念的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不在于它是俄羅斯的、美國的、還是歐洲的，而是看它是否行得通。Your lifetime coincides with this era of think about the fundamental questions asked when this school was kind of future is Russia going to have? What kind of future are Russia and America going to have together? What world order will replace the Cold War? Those questions still don39。想一想在這個(gè)學(xué)院剛成立時(shí)所提出的一些基本問題：俄羅斯將有什么樣的未來？俄羅斯和美國將有什么樣的共同未來？會(huì)有什么樣的世界秩序取代冷戰(zhàn)？對(duì)這些問題仍然沒有明確的答案，因此它們必須由你們來回答——由在俄羅斯、美國和全世界的你們這一代人來回答。雖然我無法替你們回答這些問題，但我可以明了地談一談美國正在尋求的未來。這一信念植根于我們對(duì)俄羅斯人民的尊敬以及兩國間超越競爭關(guān)系的共同歷史。最近，我在諾曼底（Normandy）時(shí)曾指出這一點(diǎn)：如同來自波士頓和伯明翰的戰(zhàn)士奮不顧身攻上海灘、登上懸崖一樣，來自喀山（Kazan）、基輔（Kiev）等地的蘇聯(lián)士兵忍受了難以想象的艱難困苦，取消了——擊退了入侵，在東線扭轉(zhuǎn)了局勢。”So as we honor this past, we also recognize the future b