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英語性別歧視的起源及形式-文庫吧資料

2024-12-12 01:19本頁面
  

【正文】 ng “the human race”。 (2) human being of either sex person。 【標(biāo)題】 英語性別歧視的起源及形式 【作者】 任 莉 【關(guān)鍵詞】 英語語言;性別歧視;文化;策略 【指導(dǎo)老師】 李天梅 【專業(yè)】 英語 【正文】 Ⅰ.Introduction Every language inextricably reflects sexism. It is known that “ language can not be sexist itself, just as it can not be dirty, but it can reflect sexist attitudes just as it can reflect attitudes as to what is or is not considered ‘taboo’.” 1 However, “l(fā)anguage is the carrier and container of culture, 2 the mirror of society which is the means of social munication.” 3 It inextricably reflects the customs and values of society. Historically and sociologically, our society is manoriented and mancentered. Women, regarded as a weaker gender in society, are discriminated for a long time and pletely subordinated in political life, economic life and even family life in the society dominated by men. Unavoidably, this kind of phenomenon has been embodied in languages. This phenomenon is called sexism. Sexism, broadly speaking, refers to a gender bias. The extended fourth edition of Oxford Advanced Learner’s English Chinese Dictionary defines sexism as, “Sexism (derogation) prejudice or discrimination against people (especially women) because of their sex.” 4 Such a bias mainly refers to the discrimination against women, and the discrimination against women exists all over the world and in all aspects of social life, with linguistic discrimination included. Understanding the sexist phenomenon in English language helps people study the language culture, and correctly treat the changes of the language in the historical development. This thesis attempts to explain the origins and analyze the forms of sexism in English vocabulary from points of morphology, meaning and word collocation, and to suggest how to avoid using sexist language, in order to raise people’s awareness and use English vocabulary more properly. Ⅱ. The Origins and Reasons of Sexism Sexism in English was not formed in one day, but built up in the long period of the development of language. There are many causes for sexism, the most important ones are the following: religion (Holy Bible), physiology, psychology and culture. A. Sexism Caused by Religion Sexism in English vocabulary does not exist naturally, but it is caused by a certain kind of culture and changes along with the changes of culture. One of its origins is the Holy Bible (The Book of the Old Testament). According to Bible, the Lord God created man first and made woman from one of his ribs. From the order of the birth, it is obvious to know that woman is only a part of man, which itself is the discrimination against woman. In the Holy Bible Eve is responsible for Adam’s sin of eating the fruit on the knowledge tree of good and evil, which was forbidden by the Lord God. Therefore, it is said that the first woman, Eve, mits the first sin. Even worse, woman is always related to the evils, troubles, sins and weakness and so on. The Holy Bible influences the western culture and social values so much that it is referred to as the origin of sexism in English. According to the Holy Bible, woman is one of the ribs of man. So women have always been regarded as a part of men, without independence and dignity. Females are forced to receive the ideology of “Male is honorable whil e female is humble” since they were born. As time goes by, people believe that male is the superior sex while female is the inferior and secondclass sex. Hence, women submit to men, serve men, please men and are abused by men. In this mencentered society, women must do what men ask them to do or what men like them to do. As a result, women are regarded as the passive and illtreated sex in society. People, especially men, would like to shape this culture. As a mirror of culture, language surely reflects this idea. In a word, sexism exists artificially under this religion. B. Sexism Caused by Physiology That there are physiological differences between the sexes is hardly a matter of disputes, which do exist and can be easily observed. For extended work and life together, people realize that men are tall in stature, strong in muscle and robust in physique. In contrary to men, women are small in stature, weak in physique and have more fat and less muscle than men. In a word, men are stronger than women. This determines that men play a more and more important role in social and economic lives. A man’s job is to work outside but a woman’s job is to stay at home, do the housework and take care of the children. Women are treated as the weaker ones and they realize their own values through their marriages to men. At last, women are lower in status. They have to leech on to men and are dominated by men. Gradually, people begin to discriminate women and think that they are inferior in intelligence. This wrong perspective forms slowly and reflects in language. C. Sexism Caused by Psychology Because of the social and cultural factors, women are always considered to be the weak. People treat women as inferior to men. They educate men to be manly, decisive, and brave while women are required to be polite, conservative, obedient, and gentle. Because women are in subordinate status in the society, they have to constrain their emotion and give up their own need to meet the satisfaction of men. As time passes, women pay more attention to the elegance and standard of language than men when speaking. They use more pleasant and polite words in the hope that they can receive other’s approval. And they are taught to speak softly, to avoid contradicting others, to be obedient in munication, and to be aware of giving cues of strong confidence. They mould themselves to be inferior in their potential sub Therefore, women try their best to strengthen their social status through their speech than men
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