【正文】 ties related to the financing activities. In this study, tend to use the broad scope of real estate finance, and real estate finance is in real estate development, construction, trade, consumption and management in the process of a series of the floorboard of the financial activities, including through currency circulation and credit channel of monetary financing, financing and other related financial activities. The basic function of real estate finance is by using a variety of financial instruments and tools for the real estate industry and raise money, for the development of the real estate industry, circulation and consumption to provide financial support, to ensure the smooth progress of the real estate development activities. According to the types of business can put the real estate finance is divided into five categories, absorption of the real estate industry, housing savings deposit and lending for real estate, real estate investment pawn, trust, insurance, currency settlement and real estate agents in securities offerings. According to the service object can be the real estate finance is divided into two categories, for the real estate industry of real estate development, construction, trade, consumption and management activities such as the service of real estate financial and for the residents of the residential building, purchasing, maintenance, and decoration and consumption activities such as service housing finance. Real estate finance is the great bination of financial activity and the real estate industry. First of all, the real estate finance to asymmetric, the borrower usually in proportion to pay a small amount of down payment for the right to use house, then borrow the rest of the money from financial institutions, amortization: secondly, the real estate loan repayments guaranteed, if the borrower can39。 Bank loan1 IntroductionReal estate industry is a highrisk industry, real estate finance in support of the rapid development of the real estate industry at the same time, inevitably bears the risk of real estate industry. Finance as the main suppliers of real estate funds, once appear, the financial crisis, the financial sector funds problems, will influence the development of the real estate industry. Multiplier effect in the real estate industry, real estate loans in bank portfolios accordingly trigger a multiplier effect, and this will lead to increase of bank39。s subprime crisis could worsen. The financial industry, with the further development of the subprime crisis, the crisis of an industry began to spread to the variety of the real economy, retail, auto industry, catering industry, and other fields of sales decline, shrinking demand situation. Not only that, influenced by the subprime crisis, the domestic unemployment rising, continue to dollar depreciation, the stock index continues to decline, real estate prices continue to fall, falling consumer confidence index, economic prospects are grim. Contradictions in the real estate industry has been highlighted, real estate development project is overly dependent on bank capital, transfer all the risk to mercial Banks, the mercial Banks face huge real estate financial risks, is one of the prominent contradictions. This risk once the outbreak, poses a great threat to the entire system will be. Therefore, study how to prevent the real estate financial risks has the significant theory and realistic significance.Keywords: Real estate。附注B：2016年4月70個大中城市二手住宅價格指數(shù)城市二手住宅價格指數(shù)城市二手住宅價格指數(shù)環(huán)比同比定基環(huán)比同比定基上月=100上年同月=1002015年=100上月=100上年同月=1002015年=100北　　京 唐　　山 天　　津 秦 皇 島 石 家 莊 包　　頭 太　　原 丹　　東 呼和浩特 錦　　州 沈　　陽 吉　　林 大　　連 牡 丹 江 長　　春 無　　錫 哈 爾 濱 揚(yáng)　　州 上　　海 徐　　州 南　　京 溫　　州 杭　　州 金　　華 寧　　波 蚌　　埠 合　　肥 安　　慶 ?！　≈? 泉　　州 廈　　門 九　　江 南　　昌 贛　　州 濟(jì)　　南 煙　　臺 青　　島 濟(jì)　　寧 鄭　　州 洛　　陽 武　　漢 平 頂 山 長　　沙 宜　　昌 廣　　州 襄　　陽 深　　圳 岳　　陽 南　　寧 常　　德 ?！　】? 惠　　州 重　　慶 湛　　江 成　　都 韶　　關(guān) 貴　　陽 桂　　林 昆　　明 北　　海 西　　安 三　　亞 蘭　　州 瀘　　州 西　　寧 南　　充 銀　　川 遵　　義 烏魯木齊 大　　理 附錄B：房地產(chǎn)市場風(fēng)險防范研究外文文獻(xiàn)翻譯The research of risk prevention in real estate marketDionne GAbstractOn April 2, 2007, the second largest in the United States subprime mortgage pany new century financial filed for bankruptcy protection to sign, the US subprime mortgage crisis. In September 2008, America39。最后，還要感謝一下我的論文小組中的伙伴們，他們在我論文的撰寫中也提供了不少幫助，每當(dāng)我遇到什么疑難雜癥總是第一時間去請教我的伙伴們，他們會細(xì)心地給我講解，或者原本是一個小小的錯誤可就是弄不明白，經(jīng)過他們的一說立馬豁然開朗。在此我想首先感謝一下我的畢業(yè)論文指導(dǎo)老師——齊榮光老師，齊老師是一位學(xué)識淵博、平易近人、不辭辛勞的好老師，每次有什么疑問就會通過電話或面談的形式請教，在老師的耐心指導(dǎo)下終于一步步地完成了論文。作為房地產(chǎn)開發(fā)商，應(yīng)從國家全局、多方位的戰(zhàn)略高度合理規(guī)劃房地產(chǎn)行業(yè)未來的產(chǎn)業(yè)布局和發(fā)展走勢，使房地產(chǎn)行業(yè)進(jìn)入良性、健康、可持續(xù)發(fā)展?fàn)顟B(tài)；從國家層面講，房地產(chǎn)在我國經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展中具有不可忽視的作用，不僅為國民生活提供了基本的生存條件，而且拉動了國家GDP的快速增長，政府機(jī)構(gòu)應(yīng)完善相關(guān)政策，使房地產(chǎn)行業(yè)在社會經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)型中找到合適的定位，以適應(yīng)政治經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展大潮。房地產(chǎn)行業(yè)屬于全民產(chǎn)業(yè)，影響因素眾多，本章主要列出了幾項(xiàng)重要的影響因素，其他如政治安定狀況、國際因素等同樣影響著房地產(chǎn)行業(yè)的毛利率水平，在此不予贅述。⑸企業(yè)的銷售狀況對毛利率的影響最為直接，包括銷售價格和銷售數(shù)量兩方面的內(nèi)容，如若銷售成本不變，銷售狀況越好，行業(yè)毛利率越高；反之，行業(yè)毛利率越低。⑷社會因素包括人口、城市化等，通過影響社會需求，進(jìn)而影響房地產(chǎn)行業(yè)的收益水平。⑵經(jīng)濟(jì)因素中的利率、物價水平對房地產(chǎn)開發(fā)商和購房者共同施加影響，一般與房地產(chǎn)行業(yè)的收益、毛利率成負(fù)相關(guān)關(guān)系；而居民收入因素是通過影響購買者的購買能力來作用于房地產(chǎn)行業(yè)，它與房地產(chǎn)行業(yè)毛利率成正相關(guān)關(guān)系。七、小結(jié) 我國房地產(chǎn)行業(yè)毛利率的變化是多種因素共同作用的結(jié)果。在整體房地產(chǎn)市場這個大環(huán)境中，作為開發(fā)商企業(yè)，如果想要獲得比同行業(yè)的競爭對手更高的利潤，就要在節(jié)約成本費(fèi)用支出上下功夫，調(diào)整資本結(jié)構(gòu)、提高勞動生產(chǎn)率、改善生產(chǎn)結(jié)構(gòu)等，但決不允許為了降低成本偷工減料，造成“豆腐渣”工程的行徑。房地產(chǎn)行業(yè)規(guī)模大，產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈長，在每個生產(chǎn)環(huán)節(jié)都涉及相關(guān)的費(fèi)用支出。（二）銷售數(shù)量銷售數(shù)量一般會受到房價、購房者收入水平、制度政策等的影響，例如，國家出臺限制住戶用房多套購買的政策，就可以在一定程度上控制社會上房屋的囤積數(shù)量，抑制房屋價格的不合理上漲，影響毛利率的高低水平。五、 銷售狀況 銷售狀況包含兩方面的內(nèi)容，一方面是銷售價格，另一方面是銷售收入，它們的共同作用直接影