【正文】 sick.” 當(dāng)我到達(dá)時(shí)，孩子的母親迎接了我，這是一位看上去驚恐不安的婦人，衣著整潔卻一臉憂傷的神色她只是說，這位就是醫(yī)生嗎？ When I arrived I was met by the mother, a big startled looking woman, very clean and apologetic who merely said, Is this the doctor? 然后帶我進(jìn)了屋。 On the evidence of the past, it can be handled in the same way that hard problems have been coped with beforepiecemeal, pragmatically, by the dogged efforts of many people. 使用暴力 Lesson Three The Use of Force 他們是我的新病人，我所知道的只有名字，奧爾遜。 So Jim Binns’ generation has a formidable job on its hands. 但我認(rèn)為這并不是無法克服的困難。 The quality of life is likely to bee steadily worse for everybody. 如果過多的人必須為了爭奪日益減少的食物份額和生存空間而爭斗的話，戰(zhàn)爭的升級(jí)看來是無法避免的。 So long as the earth’s population keeps growing at this cancerous rate, all of the other problems appear virtually insoluble. 我們的城市會(huì)變得越來越擁擠，景色會(huì)變得更加雜亂，空氣和水也會(huì)變得愈發(fā)骯臟。 Most disturbing of all was our discovery of the population explosion. 我們突然意識(shí)到我們這艘載人小飛船上的乘客數(shù)目大約每40年翻一倍。 At the same time, my generation was discovering that reforming the world is a little like fighting a military campaign in the Apennines, as soon as you capture one mountain range, another one looms just ahead. 當(dāng)20世紀(jì)30年代的大問題剛剛勉強(qiáng)得到控制，新的問題又出現(xiàn)了——富足社會(huì)中出現(xiàn)的嶄新問題，如種族平等，保證城市環(huán)境適于居住，應(yīng)付各種陌生偽裝下的戰(zhàn)爭等等。 As a college newspaper editor at that time, I protested against this just as vehemently as student activists are protesting today. 與此同時(shí)，我們這一代人漸漸發(fā)現(xiàn)改造世界有點(diǎn)像在亞平寧山區(qū)打仗一樣。 The economic machinery had broken down almost everywhere: In this country nearly a quarter of the population was out of work. 一場大戰(zhàn)似乎在所難免。 So at least the historical evidence seems to suggest. 我大學(xué)畢業(yè)的時(shí)候，我們這一代人也發(fā)現(xiàn)世界亂得一團(tuán)糟。 It demands patience, always in short supply. 它惟一的好處是有時(shí)這方法行得通——在這個(gè)特定的時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)，它比其他的任何策略都更有可能制止世界上的某些惡行。 It lacks glamour. It promises no quick results. 它依靠勸說和民主決策這些令人惱火且不可靠的方法來實(shí)現(xiàn)。 For the idealists who are determined to remake society, but who seek a more practical method than armed revolution, there remains one more alternative. 4）循序漸進(jìn)，逐步改變社會(huì) Try to Change the World Gradually, One Clod at a Time 乍一看，這一途徑毫無吸引力。 Instead it dawns on a familiar, workaday place, still in need of groceries and sewage disposal. 無論貼著什么樣的政治標(biāo)簽，革命后的國家都不是由激進(jìn)的浪漫主義者來治理，而是由市場營銷、衛(wèi)生工程和管理官僚機(jī)構(gòu)的專家來治理。 My point is merely that the idealists who make the revolution are bound to be disappointed in either case. 因?yàn)閯倮氖锕鉄o論如何也不會(huì)照耀在他們夢(mèng)想中的那個(gè)擺脫了人類一切卑劣的燦爛的新世界上。 I am not, of course, suggesting that revolutions acplish nothing. 一些革命（美國革命，法國革命）確實(shí)將事情變得越來越好。 But the most unfortunate are those whose revolutions have succeeded. 他們極度失望，看到他們推翻的權(quán)力機(jī)構(gòu)又被新機(jī)構(gòu)所替代，而新機(jī)構(gòu)依舊是那樣冷酷，那樣毫無生機(jī)。 they have been able to keep on cheerfully plotting their holocausts right into their senescence. 另外一些人年紀(jì)輕輕就死了，死在監(jiān)獄里或街壘旁。 Some of my best friends have been revolutionists, and a few of them have led reasonably satisfying lives. 這部分人其實(shí)是那些革命并未成功的人，他們可以繼續(xù)興高采烈地策劃大屠殺，直至老態(tài)龍鐘。 To them it offers a romantic appeal, usually symbolized by some dashing and charismatic figure. 這一策略簡單明了并具有更大的吸引力：“既然這個(gè)社會(huì)已經(jīng)無可救藥，那就讓我們?cè)宜樗?，在它的廢墟上面建一個(gè)更好的社會(huì)。 This strategy is always popular among those who have no patience with the tedious working of the democratic process or who believe that basic institutions can only be changed by force. 它吸引了每一代年輕人中那些更為活躍和更具理想主義的人。 except for the polar regions, the frontiers are gone. 少數(shù)富有的鄉(xiāng)紳還可以逃避現(xiàn)實(shí)去過田園生活——但總的說來，遷移的潮流是向相反的方向流動(dòng)。 The trouble with this solution is that it no longer is practical on a large scale. 不幸的是，在我們的地球上，高尚的野蠻人和未被破壞的自然景色已越來越少；除了兩極地區(qū)以外已經(jīng)沒有未開發(fā)的土地了。 Unlike the dropouts, they are not parasites. They are willing to support themselves and to contribute something to the general munity, but they simply don’t like the environment of civilization。他們?cè)敢庾允称淞?，愿意為社?huì)作出貢獻(xiàn)，可是他們就是不喜歡這個(gè)文明世界的環(huán)境。 This strategy also has ancient antecedents. 自文明誕生以來，就有人企圖逃避文明社會(huì)，希望尋求一種更為樸素、更富田園風(fēng)情、更為寧靜的生活。 Some of us find this distasteful – an undignified kind of life. 但對(duì)于那些卑微、懶惰又缺乏自尊的人來說，這也許是可行的最可以忍受的選擇了。 This is one of the oldest expedients, and it can be practiced anywhere, at any age, and with or without the use of hallucinogens. 那些認(rèn)為這個(gè)世界殘酷、復(fù)雜得令人難以忍受的人通常會(huì)選擇這個(gè)辦法。 For all its harshness and irrationality, it is the only world we’ve got. 因此，選擇一個(gè)辦法去應(yīng)付這個(gè)社會(huì)是剛剛步入成年的年輕人必須作出的第一個(gè)決定，這通常是他們一生中最重要的決定。 There conclusions strike me as reasonable, at least from their point of view. 對(duì)成長中的一代人來說，相關(guān)的問題不是我們的社會(huì)是否完美（我們可以想當(dāng)然地認(rèn)為是這樣），而是應(yīng)該如何去應(yīng)付它。如果他們不能做得比這些更好，他們又能拿什么來教育我們呢？這樣的教導(dǎo)，我們根本不需要。 During the last few years, I have listened to scores of young people, in college and out, who were just as nervous about the grown world. 大致來說，他們的態(tài)度可歸納如下：“這個(gè)世界亂糟糟的，到處充滿了不平等、貧困和戰(zhàn)爭?！?“More than any other generation,” he said, “our generation views the adult world with great skepticism… there is also an increased tendency to reject pletely that world.” 很明顯，他的話代表了許多同齡人的看法。 “And I laughed to myself at the men and the ladies. Who never conceived of us billiondollar babies.” The particular “culture hero” who sings that is Alice cooper. 可是，仍然存在著一個(gè)大問題：為什么他是文化英雄？ The big question remains: Why is he a culture hero? 他，或者當(dāng)今任何其他走紅的搖滾歌星能告訴我們些什么有關(guān)他們的歌迷的事情？ What does he – or any other current rock success – tell us about his fans? 對(duì)于我們自己和我們的社會(huì)有些什么了解？現(xiàn)在怎樣，過去如何，將來又將向何處去？ About ourselves and our society? Where it is, where it was, where it’s heading?青年人的四種選擇 Lesson 2: Four Choices for Young People 在畢業(yè)前不久，斯坦福大學(xué)四年級(jí)主席吉姆?賓司給我寫了一封信，信中談及他的一些不安。 Today’s heroes – some of them, anyway – tell us they enjoy their rewards. “我暗自嘲笑這些先生們和女士們,他們從沒想到過我們會(huì)成為金娃娃。 In one 1972, national opinion poll, more than 10 percent of the high school boys and 20 percent of the girls said their hero was a rock superstar. 此外我們給他們金錢， 商業(yè)雜志《福布斯》認(rèn)為，“當(dāng)今成為百萬富翁的捷徑是當(dāng)搖滾歌星。 Like all artists, these rock musicians mirror feelings and beliefs that help us see and form our own. 我們以什么來回報(bào)他們呢？當(dāng)然是掌聲和贊美。 .” One of the best current examples of what Horotwitz is talking about is John Denver. His most notable songs – “Sunshine on My Shoulders”, “Rocky Mountain High”, and “Country Road” – bine the musical drive and