【正文】 on （顯性聯(lián)接） Hypotactic 形態(tài)型語言 (以形馭意 ) Contrast Between English and Chinese Chinese Chinese: leftextending, heavyheaded like a lion 獅子型語言 English English: rightextending heavytailed like a peacock 孔雀型語言 Contrast Between English and Chinese Chinese moving point of sight （視點流動） English fixed point of sight （視點固定） Contrast Between English and Chinese Chinese bamboolike sentence structure （竹式結(jié)構(gòu)） with different sections linked and yet separated English treelike sentence structure （樹式結(jié)構(gòu)） with different parts connected like branches and subbranches to the trunk line Contrast Between English and Chinese Chinese TopicComment Sentence Structure （ 話題 評論 結(jié)構(gòu)） English SubjectPredicate Sentence Structure （主語 謂語結(jié)構(gòu)） Topicprominent Language 話題突出型語言 Subjectprominent Language 主語突出型語言 Contrast Between English and Chinese Chinese Order of linguistic elements: relatively fixed like bamboomaking （制竹） （語序相對固定） English Order of linguistic elements: relatively flexible like blockbuilding （積木） （語序相對靈活） Part Three Contrast and Translation 對比與翻譯 Enlightenment on translation from the contrast between the two languages 從兩種語言的對比中獲得的有關翻譯的啟示 Contrast Between English and Chinese 1. Astonishment and even horror oppressed him. 2. Excitement deprived me of all power of utterance. 3. The sight of the big tree always reminds me of my childhood. 他 感到 驚訝甚至恐懼 。 我們漫步 街頭 ，在 中央大道 附近發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個很大的棚戶區(qū) ，有很多跡象表明茅棚 里還住了 人 。 The sports meet was postponed because of rain. Because of rain, the sports meet was postponed. Relatively flexible order （語序相對靈活） resulting from the use of flections and connectives Sentences: Please pare: 我們漫步街頭，在中央大道附近發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個很大的棚戶區(qū)，有很多跡象表明茅棚里還住了人。 English Order of Linguistic Elements 英語語序 Relatively flexible order （語序相對靈活） resulting from the use of inflections and connectives the Russian people, the people of Russia, the people living in Russia, the people who live in Russia a pretty and clever girl a girl pretty and clever a girl who is pretty and clever Phrases: English Order of Linguistic Elements 英語語序 志同道合，友誼才會持久。 ? 天下雨，運動會延期了。 Chinese Order of Linguistic Elements 漢語語序（ 4） Order of logic causeeffect, conditionresult （邏輯順序：因果，條件 結(jié)果） ? 志同道合，友誼才會持久。 這把刀我用來切肉。于是我們駕車來到 陸家嘴 金融開發(fā)區(qū)，那節(jié)次鱗比、神態(tài)各異的 摩天大樓 令人眼花繚亂。 ? My little grandson is very naughty. ? You should have repaired the house. ? It is by no means easy to learn the English language. ? I don?t think it workable to build a bridge here. Chinese Structure: TopicComment 話題 評論 English Structure: SubjectPredicate 主語 謂語 Contrast Between English and Chinese Chinese TopicComment Sentence Structure （ 話題 評論 結(jié)構(gòu)） English SubjectPredicate Sentence Structure （主語 謂語結(jié)構(gòu)） Topicprominent Language 話題突出型語言 Subjectprominent Language 主語突出型語言 Chinese Order of Linguistic Elements 漢語語序（ 1） Relatively fixed （相對固定） Order of time （時間先后順序） ? Words: 古今、先后、早晚、始終、老少、生死 ? Idioms: 冬去春來、一呼百應、風平浪靜 ? Phrases: 進城賣菜、離家出走、去教室看書 ? Sentences: 我們在美國 讀書 的時候， 結(jié)識 了一位木匠。 ? 英語這門語言 ，學會它可不容易。 I don?t think it workable to build a bridge here. Compare the sentence structures of the two languages : ? 我的小孫子 他很調(diào)皮。 You should have repaired the house. ? 英語這門語言，學會它可不容易。 The chunks of a sentence seem to be connected and yet separated, like sections of a bamboo linked by the joints and yet relatively independent and selfcontained. English: treelike sentence structure （樹式結(jié)構(gòu)） As a nation of gifted people who prise about onefourth of the total population of the earth, China plays in world affairs a role that can only grow more important in the years ahead. Jimmy Carter Branches and subbranches : Adverbials and attributes Trunk line: S