【正文】 le activity. In approximating costs, the estimator considers the possible causes of variation of the cost estimates, including risks. Cost estimating includes identifying and considering various costing alternatives. For example, in most application areas, additional work during a design phase is widely held to have the potential for reducing the cost of the execution and product operations. The cost estimating process considers whether the expected savings can offset the cost of additional design work. Cost estimates are generally expressed in units of currency to facilitate parisons both within and across projects. Cost estimates can also benefit from refinement during the course of the project to reflect on the additional detail available. For your project, which is in the initial phases, your team suggested a rough order of magnitude estimate— this could be in the range of ______ . A) 75% to+125% B) 50% to+100% C) 25% to+50% D) None of the above 作為項目經(jīng)理 , 你意識到估計進度活動成本包括完成評估每一進度活動所需的資源成本的近似值。 C) 你以前沒考慮通貨膨脹率。下列哪項是潛在的原因 ? A) 關(guān)鍵資源長時間離開 , 這是之前沒有預(yù)料到的。 D) 指定用于成本估算的首選 工具。 B) 規(guī)定成本偏差臨界值或其他指標。 D) 項目經(jīng)理。 B) 上級管理層。 D) 所有的項目都有一個成本基準。 B) 為了測量支出情況 , 付款計劃可以作為成本基準。 33. As a project manager, you examine project results over time to determine how project is performing over time. This can be done through ______ . A) performance reviews B) variance analysis C) trend analysis D) earned value management 作為項目經(jīng)理 , 你隨時測量項目結(jié)果用來判斷項目績效的走勢 , 這可以通過工具來完成。 C) 280000美元。 A) 250000美元。 A) 確定的 B) 資本成本 C) 量級估算 D) 可行性 32. In your project, there have been several changes in the cost and schedule estimates and the original estimating assumptions are no longer valid. What is the estimate at plete for your project? BAC=$300,000, AC=$100,000, EV=$150,000, CPI=$, ETC=$120,000. A) $250,000. B) $220,000. C) $280,000. D) $300,000. 在你的項目內(nèi) , 項目進度和成本方面的估算發(fā)生了幾個變更 , 原來的估算假設(shè)已不再有效。 31. Since you are in the preliminary stages of your project, you estimate that your project will most probably last 1 yearhowever, optimistic scenario is that it will get over within 6 months and pessimistic scenario is 18 months. This kind of estimate is also called ______ . A) definitive B) capital cost C) order of magnitude D) feasibility 在項目籌備階段 , 你估算這個項目很可能在 1年完成 , 然而樂觀估計這個項目會在 6個月完成 , 悲觀估計這個項目歷時大概為 18個月。 C) 成本預(yù)算。 30. A remended corrective action is an output of which cost management process area? A) Resource planning. B) Cost estimating. C) Cost budgeting. D) Cost control. 推薦的糾 正措施是哪一個成本管理過程的輸出 ? A) 資源計劃。 C) 280000美元。 A) 250000美元。 A) ETC B) EAC C) ETC 和 EAC D) 以上都不對 29. In your project, you have reason to believe that the current variances occurred because of extraneous factors, and you do not expect similar variances to happen in the future. What should be the estimate at plete for your project? BAC=$300,000, AC=$100,000, EV=$150,000, CPI=$. A) $250,000. B) $220,000. C) $280,000. D) $200,000. 在你的項目里 , 你有理由相信現(xiàn)在的偏差是由于外在因素產(chǎn)生的 , 你不希望類似的偏差再次發(fā)生。 A) 拒絕此估算 , 并將職能經(jīng)理從此項目中去除 B) 要求有關(guān)此估算的支持細節(jié) , 以確保其正確性 C) 接受此估算 , 并計劃使用附加資金作為備用金 D) 對此估算向每個職能經(jīng)理發(fā)出質(zhì)疑 28. You are getting project performance information as your project is being executed. Based on the performance information, forecasts are updated and reissued. Some factors that could change as forecasts are updated include ______ . A) estimate to plete B) estimate at pletion C) estimate to plete and estimate at pletion D) none of the above 項目開 始執(zhí)行后 , 你獲得了項目績效信息 , 并基于績效信息對預(yù)測進行調(diào)整和更新。 A) 發(fā)布預(yù)算更新 B) 修訂成本基準 C) 采取糾正行動如調(diào)整進度活動預(yù)算 D) 收尾此項目 27. While reviewing the estimates from the functional managers assigned to your project you discover that one cost estimate is clearly higher than those submitted for previous projects. You should ______ . A) reject the estimate and remove the functional manager from the project B) request the supporting details for the estimate to ensure it has been properly prepared C) accept the estimate and plan to use the additional funding as a reserve D) question each functional manager for information about this estimate 當評審職能經(jīng)理分配給你的項目的估算時 , 你發(fā)現(xiàn)有一個成本估算明顯高于以前的項目提交的成本估算。在研究項目信息時 , 你發(fā)現(xiàn)成本偏差非常嚴重。 A) 測量單位 B) 精確程度 C) 組織程序鏈接 D) 控制下限 25. All the following are costs incurred to ensure pliance to requirements except A) prevention costs B) appraisal costs C) quality planning costs D) warranty costs 所有下列都是確保符合要求的成本 , 除了 ______ 。在 EVT中 , BCWP指 ______ 。 D) 百萬美元。 B) 1百萬美元。在 1 個月之后 ,你使用實現(xiàn)值技術(shù)作為績效測量工具得到下列信息 :BCWP=； BCWS=； ACWP=百萬美元。 22. A project was expected to cost $6 million for 3 months. At the end of 1 month, you use earned value as a performance management tool and get the following information: BCWP=$ million, BCWS=$ million, ACWP=$. What is the schedule variance? A) $ million. B) $1 million. C) $1 million。 C) 自下而上。 A) 可變成本和固定成本 B) 固定成本和間接成本 C) 直接成本和可變成本 D) 間接成本和直接成本 21. Which of the following is not estimate costs tool or technique? A) Historical relationships. B) Analogous. C) Bottomup. D) Parametric. 下列哪一項不是估算成本的工具或技術(shù) ? A) 歷史關(guān)系。 20. A project manager needs to analyze the project cost to find ways to decrease costs. It would be BEST if the project manager looks at ______ . A) variable costs and fixed costs B) fixed costs and indirect cost C) direct costs and variable costs D) indirect costs and direct costs 項目經(jīng)理需要分析項目成本來找出降低成