【正文】
In a less developed economy, people usually focus on more basic survival needs. However, some cultures encourage the need for selfactualization. 3. consumer motivations are rooted in the dynamics of social life. Maslow’s picture of motivation cannot provide a universal view cross’ s not true that needs must be satisfied at one level in order for the needs in the next level to appear. Ⅱ . Individualism and collectivism 1)the industrial marketing literature 2)the family decision making The family is often seen as an interacting group of individuals. some crosscultural CB researchers have depicted the family group as an anic entity ,While an anic conception of the family as a single decisionmaking unit is not easily grasped. This is especially true in Asia. Ⅲ .Independent versus interdependent self