供應(yīng)鏈下的多級(jí)存貨管理外文文獻(xiàn)-文庫(kù)吧資料
2024-09-15 15:54本頁(yè)面
【正文】 外部需求與兩個(gè)連續(xù)的時(shí)間段相聯(lián)系，并且零售商利用最新的需求信息來(lái)更新它們未來(lái)的需求預(yù)測(cè)。頓和 里在他們的論文中再次闡述了克拉克和斯卡夫的連續(xù)多級(jí)存貨系統(tǒng)并得出了三個(gè)關(guān)鍵的結(jié)論。第二，他們利用馬丁格爾預(yù)測(cè)理論模型說(shuō)明了克拉克和斯卡夫的最優(yōu)存貨政策結(jié)構(gòu)保留了在與時(shí)間線關(guān)聯(lián)下的按需處理。 通過(guò)對(duì)有關(guān)利用數(shù)學(xué)模型技術(shù)研究供應(yīng)鏈下的多級(jí)存貨管理的文獻(xiàn)的回顧，總括起來(lái)，可以說(shuō)，這些文章都 考慮到了具有不確定的或者確定的需求的兩級(jí)，三級(jí)或者若干級(jí)系統(tǒng)。他們獲得了準(zhǔn)確的或者是相似的結(jié)論。數(shù)量分段規(guī)律是指?jìng)鬟f來(lái)自供應(yīng)商的大訂單 , 以及來(lái)自最近的零售商的小訂單 , 也就是所謂的進(jìn)行分段數(shù)量判定訂單是小型的還是大型。然而 ,德克爾等人指出傳遞來(lái)自供應(yīng)商的那些大型的訂單會(huì)導(dǎo)致零售商們考慮降低自身的存貨成本。在莫訶比和波斯納的研究中包含了存在補(bǔ)充訂單和銷(xiāo)售損失的不斷審查的存貨系統(tǒng)的成本分析。 飯?zhí)镞@篇文章的主要目的是表明近期政策對(duì)于多級(jí)庫(kù)存問(wèn)題是可接受的。陳和宋的目標(biāo)是縮小系統(tǒng)中的長(zhǎng)期平均成本。他們表明各地的庫(kù)存位置是穩(wěn)定的，并且這種穩(wěn)定的分銷(xiāo)是均勻且獨(dú)立于其他的。將和莫納罕論述了一個(gè)兩梯隊(duì)雙通道庫(kù)存模型，在這個(gè)模型中庫(kù)存是由生產(chǎn)商倉(cāng)庫(kù)（上游）和零售店（下游）共同負(fù)責(zé)的，而產(chǎn)品使用兩種供應(yīng)渠道：傳統(tǒng)的零售店和網(wǎng)絡(luò)直銷(xiāo)。 總之，這些文章都基于一般隨機(jī)需求來(lái)考慮兩梯隊(duì)或者Ｎ梯隊(duì)庫(kù)存系統(tǒng)，但有一篇例外，它考慮了馬爾可夫需求調(diào)節(jié)。而他們得出了一樣或者相近的解決方法。 陳和李提出了一個(gè)多產(chǎn)品、多階段、多時(shí)期計(jì)劃模型來(lái)解決帶有市場(chǎng)需求和產(chǎn)品價(jià)格不確定性的多級(jí)存貨供應(yīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的多目標(biāo)。 附件 2:外文資料翻譯原文 Multiechelon inventory management in supply chains Historically, the echelons of the supply chain, warehouse, distributors, retailers, etc., have been managed independently, buffered by large inventories. Increasing petitive pressures and market globalization are forcing firms to develop supply chains that can quickly respond to customer needs. To remain petitive and decrease inventory, these firms must use multiechelon inventory management interactively, while reducing operating costs and improving customer service. Inventories exist throughout the SC in various forms for various reasons. The lack of a coordinated inventory management throughout the SC often causes the bullwhip effect, namely an amplification of demand variability moving towards the upstream stages. This causes excessive inventory investments, lost revenues, misguided capacity plans, ineffective transportation, missed production schedules, and poor customer service. Many scholars have studied these problems, as well as emphasized the need of integration among SC stages, to make the chain effectively and efficiently satisfy customer requests (. reference). Beside the integration issue, uncertainty has to be dealt with in order to define an effective SC inventory policy. In addition to the uncertainty on supply (. lead times) and demand, information delays associated with the manufacturing and distribution processes characterize SCs. Inventory management in multiechelon SCs is an important issue, because there are many elements that have to coordinate with each other. They must also arrange their inventories to coordinate. There are many factors that plicate successful inventory management, . uncertain demands, lead times, production times, product prices, costs, etc., especially the uncertainty in demand and lead times where the inventory cannot be managed between echelons optimally. Most manufacturing enterprises are anized into works of manufacturing and distribution sites that procure raw material, process them into finished goods, and distribute the finish goods to customers. The terms ‘multiechelon’ or ‘multilevel‘production/distribution works are also synonymous with such works (or SC), when an item moves through more than one step before reaching the final customer. Inventories exist throughout the SC in various forms for various reasons. At any manufacturing point, they may exist as raw materials, work in progress, or finished goods. They exist at the distribution ware
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