【正文】 eed people to speak publicly about the crisis are the designated persons, such as the nation spokesperson orperformed. When preparing to offer a statement externally as well as internally, information should be decision. (12Manage, 2020) exacerbate the situation. The contingency plan should contain information and guidance that will 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）外文譯文 11 help decision makers to consider not only the shortterm consequences, but the longterm effects of every accurate. Providing incorrect or manipulated information has a tendency to backfire and will greatly exacerbate the situation. The contingency plan should contain information and guidance that will help decision makers to consider not only the shortterm consequences, but the longterm effects of every decision. (12Manage, 2020) PreSteps Involved IN Crisis Management 1) A crisis management plan has to be developed firstly and updated periodically. 2) Create and designate crisis management team and proper training should be provided. 3) statements have the legal department review and pre approve these messages. 4) Media person should be trained before hand to hand crisis effectively. Lerbinger (1997), Feran Bank (2020), devote considerable attention to media relation in a crisis. Don’t Do’s 1) Avoid the phrase no ment. 2) Avoid jargon or technical terms. 3) Avoid nervous habit that people interrupt or deception. 4) Avoid distracting nervous gestures such as pacing. Do’s 1) Present information clearly. 2) Appear pleasant on camera. 361 3) Media person need to have strong eye contact, limited disfluences?uhms?or ?uhs?. 4) Media person should have latest crisis information. 5) Be prepared to use inter as one of the channel for reaching public. 6) Be prepared to use unique websites or part of your websites to address crisis concern. Disaster Scenario Networking and Networking Research Needs The disaster scenario discussion identified working challenges including: Sensor: An as hoc work of sensors configured for and attached to the existing infrastructure. High bandwidth connections, . gigabyte satellite to reach rural areas. Heterogeneous environment of sensors, 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）外文譯文 12 working capabilities, and administrative structures. Dynamic environment and changing user requirements providing a need for new work management and visualization tools and automatic reconfiguration, management and control. Technology reuse: using surviving resources for purposes other than the primary purpose they were designed for it. Data resources: Satellite sensors and deployed video sensors that produce data at the rate of hundreds of megabytes per second. These data are used in modeling and by mand centers. Rapidly changing loads place emphasis on QoS based on media type (sensor data, voice, and video) and user. Realtime modeling: Significant distributed putational and munications resources top support now casting. The disaster scenario discussion identified research needed to meet these challenges. Trust: Security, Privacy and Reliability Issues of trust, enpassing security, privacy and reliability, pervade the disaster scenario. Thedisaster response resources must provide differing levels of security, assurance and reliability based on the needs of the end user and their applications such as medical data transmission and patient privacy over heterogeneous, ad hoc works and devices. Research needs to address: Heterogeneity of parties involved: A major disaster will involve many government agencies(local, state and Federal), panies and individuals. Disaster response 362 works must be nations are involved. This issue can be further plicated if other sovereign responsive to their diverse security and trust policies that may contain inpatibilities and hinder sharing data and other resources. Flexibility: Disaster responses may require temporary flexible modification or violation of security and trust policies. For example an emergency medical team may need to access patient records for which it ordinarily would not have authorization. Crisis Management a Case Study on Mumbai Terrorist Attack Network to another. Solutions to the time dependent response problem should be evaluated in multiple way including simulation using benchmarks. In addition, training exercises are needed to stress and test different solutions. Crisis Response Public relation plays are critical role in crisis responses by helping to develop the messages 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）外文譯文 13 that are sent to public various public. Initial crisis response is what Government does and says after the crisis hits. Arpan and KorkoEwoldren (2020) conducted a study that documented how a quick early response allows an organization to generate greater credibility than a slow response. Crisis management will make it easier for crisis management to respond quickly. Government should be ready to provide stress and trauma counseling to victims of the crisis