【正文】 __remended__ (remend)wonderful places to eat，shop，and visit． 解析：考查一般過去時(shí)態(tài)。故填declared。全國Ⅱ卷)Picking up her“Lifetime Achievement”award，proud Irene __declared__ (declare) she had no plans to retire from her 36yearold business． 解析：考查謂語動詞。根據(jù)主句謂語動詞love的時(shí)態(tài)可知，定語從句的謂語動詞make應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成式。全國Ⅱ卷)I don39。故填have reported。全國卷Ⅰ)In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut __have reported__ (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a belief that populations are increasing． 解析：考查動詞時(shí)態(tài)。故填 had expected。句意：他沒有像我所期望的那樣著手做新工作，而是又檢查了一遍以前的工作。9．(2020根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語these days(這些天)可知，“練習(xí)游泳”從數(shù)天前開始，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，因此該句應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)?！x謝。s because I __have been practising__(practise)a lot these days．解析：考查時(shí)態(tài)。8．(2020所以此處填過去時(shí)的主動形式。文章的整體時(shí)態(tài)是過去時(shí)，根據(jù)時(shí)態(tài)一致原則此處也應(yīng)為過去時(shí)。句意：新方法意味著更少的人從事農(nóng)業(yè)。7．(2020food為不可數(shù)名詞。同時(shí)此處描述的是過去的時(shí)間，所以時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)用過去時(shí)。句意：隨著越多的小孩出生，越多的食物被需要。6．(2020根據(jù)上文they smiled and可知此處應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)。新課標(biāo)卷Ⅲ)When he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (傳奇的) artist, they smiled and __pointed__ (point) down the river． 解析：考查動詞時(shí)態(tài)。故填be chosen。句意：畫家確信他會被選中，但是當(dāng)他把他的杰作送給皇帝的宰相時(shí)，這位老人笑了。新課標(biāo)卷Ⅲ)The artist was sure he would__be chosen__ (choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor39。故填is constructed。句意：“這真的使科學(xué)家們激動，”布朗大學(xué)的一位科學(xué)家Carle Pieters說：“因?yàn)樗馕吨覀冇袡C(jī)會獲得月球是如何構(gòu)造的信息。3．(2020此處是句子的謂語，根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語last week可知應(yīng)使用一般過去時(shí)。e 4 probe (探測器)—the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess—__touched__ (touch) down last week in the South PoleAitken basin． 解析：考查時(shí)態(tài)。2．(2020此處描述的是客觀事實(shí)，應(yīng)使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；主語與call是邏輯動賓關(guān)系，應(yīng)使用被動語態(tài)，且主語是復(fù)數(shù)概念。新高考卷)The parts of a museum open to the public __are called__ (call) galleries or rooms． 解析：考查動詞時(shí)態(tài)及語態(tài)。由語境可知，本句使用了句型“be (was/were) doing sth．when．．．”表示“正在做某事，這時(shí)突然……”，when后的并列分句用一般過去時(shí)，故本空填提示動詞的過去進(jìn)行時(shí)was walking表示過去正在發(fā)生的動作。1．It is the first/second/．．．time that sb． have/has done．．．2．It was the first/second/．．．time that sb．had done．．．3．Sb．was doing sth．when．．．did．．．4．Hardly/Scarcely had sb．done sth．when．．．did．．．5．Sb．was about to do sth．when．．．did．．．6．It39。故填was awarded。【典例】　Later，Nelson __ was awarded__ (award)the Presidential Medal of Freedom in recognition of his work．解析： 句意：后來納爾遜被授予總統(tǒng)自由勛章，以表彰他的工作。被動語態(tài)中的主謂部分除了明顯的被動關(guān)系外，還有特殊用法，如主動形式表被動意義。 由語境可知，walk into a deep valley的動作先于realize的動作發(fā)生，故用過去完成時(shí)had walked?！镜淅俊n the last few years，China __has made__ (make) great achievements in environmental protection．解析：題干中的時(shí)間狀語是“In the last few years”，表示動作“從過去一直到現(xiàn)在”，故所填詞應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)has made。clock to 3 o39?！　〗忸}策略 運(yùn)用以下“四根據(jù)”準(zhǔn)確判斷動詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)一、根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語確定動詞時(shí)態(tài) (1)看到always，often，seldom，sometimes，usually等如時(shí)間基點(diǎn)為現(xiàn)在，要想到用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)； (2)看到y(tǒng)esterday，last night，a few days ago，the other day等要想到用一般過去時(shí)； (3)看到tomorrow，next year等要想到用一般將來時(shí)； (4)看到now，at present等要想到用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)； (5)看到at that time，then，at six o39。他問我你近來工作進(jìn)展怎么樣。2．如果主句的時(shí)態(tài)是一般過去時(shí)，則賓語從句應(yīng)該根據(jù)實(shí)際需要采用過去的某種時(shí)態(tài)。對于定語從句和狀語從句而言，從句時(shí)態(tài)受主句時(shí)態(tài)影響或制約不是特別明顯，而賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)受主句時(shí)態(tài)的影響或制約比較突出，因此此處我們著重來總結(jié)一下時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)在含有賓語從句的主從復(fù)合句中的體現(xiàn)?！镜淅俊ohn and I have been friends for eight years．We first __got__ (get) to know each other at a party．But we __had seen__ (see)each other a couple of times before that．解析：第一空用一般過去時(shí)got，因?yàn)樯衔恼f約翰和我已經(jīng)是8年的朋友了，說明我們相識這個(gè)動作發(fā)生在過去，且由語境可知用一般過去時(shí)；見過幾次面發(fā)生在相識這一動作之前，表示的是過去的過去發(fā)生的動作，故第二空應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí)had seen。(2)時(shí)間狀語不同：過去完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語常是by或before構(gòu)成的短語，如by that time，before 2000，“by the time＋句子”等。(說明一個(gè)事實(shí))【典例】　Dashan，who __has been learning__ (learn) crosstalk，the Chinese edic tradition，for decades，wants to mix it up with the Western standup tradition．解析：根據(jù)句意及定語從句中的時(shí)間狀語for decades和主句謂語動詞wants可知，本題應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)has been learning，表示從過去某個(gè)時(shí)間開始，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并有可能繼續(xù)下去的動作。區(qū)別2現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示動作的反復(fù)Have you been meeting him recently?你最近經(jīng)常見他嗎？現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不表示動作的反復(fù)Have you met him recently?你最近見過他嗎？區(qū)別3現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示某種感情色彩I have been waiting for you for three hours．我已等了你三個(gè)小時(shí)。2．現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)用法例句區(qū)別1現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的未完成性I have been thinking it over．我一直在仔細(xì)考慮這件事。(2)一般過去時(shí)常與具體的時(shí)間狀語連用，如yesterday，the other day，just now等；而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)通常與不確定的時(shí)間狀語連用，如so far，up to now，lately等，或無時(shí)間狀語。(可看作to work out前省略了for me)(5)be to rent/blame也屬于主動形式表被動意義。這些形容詞有nice, easy, fit, hard, difficult, important, impossible, pleasant, interesting等。The house needs repairing/to be repaired．這所房子需要修理。Your reason sounds reasonable．你的理由聽起來合理。The machine runs well．這種機(jī)器運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)良好。(1)英語中有很多動詞，如break, catch, clean, drive, look, open, sell, read, write, wash等，當(dāng)它們被用作不及物動詞來描述主語特征時(shí)，常用其主動形式表達(dá)被動意義，主語通常是物；在這種情況下，常常和easily, well等副詞連用。He fell off the car and got killed．他從汽車上掉下來，摔死了。She got married last week．她上周結(jié)婚了。All the employees except the manager are encouraged to work online at home．除了經(jīng)理以外，所有的雇員都被鼓勵在家網(wǎng)上辦公。常見的有：happen/take place/occur發(fā)生；remain剩下；break out爆發(fā)；last持續(xù)；e out出版；e up被提出；lose heart失去信心；date from/back to追溯到；run out用完。常見的有：have有；cost花費(fèi)；lack缺少；own擁有；belong to屬于；take part in參加。好幾周沒擦了?！狪 know．It hasn39?！　釉~的語態(tài)考點(diǎn)一被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成(以do為例)現(xiàn)在時(shí)過去時(shí)將來時(shí)過去將來時(shí)一般is/am/are donewas/weredonewill/shall be donewould/shouldbe done進(jìn)行is/am/are being donewas/were being done//完成