【正文】 五、全文翻譯如果你居住在一個大城市，對噪音問題就再熟悉不過了。[B]和[D]選項以偏概全，[B]僅能概括文章第二段部分內(nèi)容，即噪音會造成聽力喪失（噪音污染的危險之一）；[D]僅提及第一段噪音定義的部分內(nèi)容，兩者都不能完全概括全篇內(nèi)容。第二、三和四段為分，論述噪音對人類行為的具體影響，包括造成人類聽力部分或完全喪失、影響工作任務(wù)的執(zhí)行、阻礙人際交流。這篇文章采取總分結(jié)構(gòu)探討噪音對人類及其行為的影響。 purpose of this pas[A] to define the effects of noise on human behavior [B] to warn people of the danger of noise pollution [C] to give advice as to how to prevent hearing loss [D] to tell the difference between noise and sound。[B]和[C]選項從文中無從推知。第二、三和四段論述噪音對人類的有害影響。 of the harmful effects of noise on 。[B]選項以偏概全，音量大是噪音的特點之一，但并非噪音的唯一特點。文章首段給出了噪音的兩種定義，一種是人們的通俗定義，噪音是人們不想聽到的聲音；另一種是較為準(zhǔn)確的科學(xué)定義，噪音是與當(dāng)前任務(wù)無關(guān)的聲音，即干擾人們工作的聲音。[A] it is sounds that interfere with the task being done [A] 干擾人們工作的聲音[B] it is a special type of loud sound [B] 一種特別類型的大音量的聲音 [C] it is usually unavoidable in big cities [C] 在大城市中通常難以避免 [D] it can be defined more precisely than the latter [D] 其定義可以比聲音的定義更加準(zhǔn)確【分析】本題所考查的知識點是：具體細節(jié)題。第四段指出噪音會對人際交流造成不良影響。第二段指出噪音會造成人類聽力的部分或完全喪失。第一部分為總（第一段）：提出噪音現(xiàn)象，給出噪音定義，并指出人們開始關(guān)注噪音對人類行為的影響。三、文章結(jié)構(gòu)分析這篇文章主要探討噪音對人類及其行為的有害影響。句首為if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句，句子主干為you may have noticed that …and that …，其賓語由and連接的兩個that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句構(gòu)成。例如，一個人正執(zhí)行一件需要高度警惕的觀察工作，負責(zé)檢測某種弱信號（如，觀察雷達屏幕上飛行器的出現(xiàn)）。該定語從句的主干為that(a watch keeping task)requires vigilance，in which引導(dǎo)的定語從句做后置定語，修飾名詞vigilance。主句為Noise can have unexpected harmful effects on performance of certain kinds of tasks，have effects on sth意為“對……有影響”。翻譯：實際的聽力喪失程度要看噪音的具體頻率和噪音是持續(xù)性的還是間歇性的。 loss will depend upon the particular frequencies to which one is exposed, and whether the sound is continuous or loss will depend upon the particular frequencies … and whether …，其中depend upon后接有and連接的并列名詞結(jié)構(gòu)做介詞賓語。插入語部分為if條件句，做條件狀語，修飾謂語動詞。翻譯：因此，根據(jù)人們手頭的工作，某些時候的刺激在另外一些時候就是噪音。Text 2 ①If you live in a large city, you are quite familiar with some of the problems of noise, but because of some of its harmful effects, you may not be aware of the extent of its influence on human behavior.②Although everyone more or less knows what noise is, ., it is sounds that one would rather not hear, it is perhaps best to define it more precisely for scientific purposes.③One such definition is that noise is sounds that are unrelated to the task at hand.④Thus stimuli that at one time might be considered relevant will at another time be considered noise, depending on what one is doing at the moment.⑤In recent years there has been a great deal of interest in the effects of noise on human behavior, and concepts such as “noise pollution” have arisen, together with movements to reduce noise.①Exposure to loud noises can definitely produce a partial or plete loss of hearing, depending on the intensity, duration, and frequency position of the noise.②Many jobs present noise hazards, such as working in factories and around jet aircraft, driving farm tractors, and working(or sitting)in music halls where rock bands are playing.③In general, continuous exposure to sounds of over 80 decibels(a measure of the loudness of sound)can be considered dangerous.④Decibel values correspond to various sounds.⑤Sounds above about 85 decibels may, if exposure is for a sufficient period of time, produce significant hearing loss.⑥Actual loss will depend upon the particular frequencies to which one is exposed, and whether the sound is continuous or can have unexpected harmful effects on performance of certain kinds of tasks, for instance, if one is performing a watch keeping task that requires vigilance, in which he is responsible for detecting weak signals of some kind(., watching a radar screen for the appearance of aircraft).①Communicating with other people is unfavorably affected by noise.②If you have ridden in the rear of a jet transport, you may have noticed that it was difficult to carry on a conversation at first, and that, eventually, you adjusted the loudness of your speech to pensate for the effect.③The problem is 、詞匯1．extent ，程度2．a(chǎn)t hand在手邊3．stimulin（stimulus的復(fù)數(shù)形式）刺激 4．exposure n.(to sth)暴露（在…下）5．intensity ，強烈6．duration 7．frequency ,頻率8．hazard ,危害 9．decibel 10．measure 11．correspond to相應(yīng)于，符合于12．intermittent ，斷斷續(xù)續(xù)的 13．vigilance 14．detect ，發(fā)現(xiàn) 15．rear ,背后二、長難句 stimuli that at one time might be considered relevant will at another time be considered noise, depending on what one is doing at the stimuli will be considered noise，主語stimuli后接有that引導(dǎo)的定語從句做后置定語；謂語部分有介詞短語at another time做時間狀語。事實可以通過證據(jù)來確認，而觀點只是個人反應(yīng)。換句話說，一位好讀者也是一位批判性的讀者?！被蚴恰暗沁€要考慮一些其他的事實！”你并不只是坐在那里理解內(nèi)容——你還在做其他的事情，而這些事情往往非常重要?！被蚴恰班拧?，我以為這項紀(jì)錄早就被打破了。你與作者進行一種精神對話。閱讀并不是一項獨立的行為，期間至少兩個重要過程同時發(fā)生。”或者“我要通讀這篇文章，看看中世紀(jì)英格蘭的生活到底是什么樣子的。貝尼特為什么這樣描寫美國。在開始學(xué)習(xí)之前，你這樣告訴自己，“我想知道斯蒂芬一個好學(xué)生對于他所做的事情總有一個明確的目的或原因。但是，如果你知道你想要什么，而你手頭又有正確的書，那么你幾乎肯定會獲得你所想要的東西。這與你的學(xué)習(xí)過程非常相似?！彼龝卮?，“好的，請這邊走。當(dāng)你拒絕商店售貨員的幫助（“不，謝謝，我只是看看”）時，為什么售貨員就轉(zhuǎn)身走開了呢？這是因為你和她都知道，如果你不確定自己要什么，你也不大可能會有所收獲。一種幫助你記住所學(xué)內(nèi)容的可靠方法就是有目的或有原因的閱讀。這樣不過是浪費寶貴時間罷了。[A]選項是思考過程中的一點；[B]選項僅提及閱讀中思考這一要素，而忽略批判性閱讀的其他要素；[D]選項也只提到批判性閱讀中的兩點，因此其他三項都不完整。[C]選項是這句話的同義改寫，為正確項。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“a good reader”定位到第七段。 good reader is one 。[C]和[D]選項張冠李戴，“區(qū)分事實與觀點”和“進行正確推理”是最后兩段提到的“對所閱讀的內(nèi)容進行思考的附加過程”的部分內(nèi)容，而非閱讀行為的直接過程。[B]選項是對這兩個過程的同義改寫，為正確項。第六段首句指出閱讀并非一項獨立的行為，它包括至少兩個同時發(fā)生的重要過程。[A] 僅僅兩個同時發(fā)生的過程[B] 主要是理解內(nèi)容和批判性地評估內(nèi)容[C] 僅僅區(qū)分事實與觀點 [D] 主要進行準(zhǔn)確推理【分析】本題所考查的知識點是：具體細節(jié)題。[D]選項無中生有。[A]選項正確。[A] 確定你閱讀的原因 [B] 將信息與目的聯(lián)系起來 [C] 記住你所讀的內(nèi)容 [D] 選擇有趣的讀物【分析】本題所考查的知識點是：具體細節(jié)題。[C]選項無干干擾，從文中無從推知。第一段指出如果你不能記住你所讀或所學(xué)的內(nèi)容的話，就是在浪費寶貴的時間，即你沒有從中學(xué)到任何東西，[B]選項正確。四、試題具體分析 you cannot remember what yo，________。以購物過程和閱讀過程做類比說明，有目的或有原因的閱讀可以幫助讀者獲得明確信息并進行良好記憶。第一部分為第一段，提出現(xiàn)象：指出記憶對于閱讀或?qū)W習(xí)的重要性，并且記憶需要聰明的方法。三、文章結(jié)構(gòu)分析這篇文章主要探討閱讀和學(xué)習(xí)中記憶的方法。賓語從句為主從復(fù)合句，句末為if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句，主干為it makes no difference，其中it為形式主語，真正的主語是后面的what you read or study。Section II Reading ComprehensionEach of the two passages below is followed by five each question there are four the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the your choice in the brackets on the left.(10 points)Text 1 ①It doesn?t e as a surprise to you to realize that it makes no difference what you read or study if you can?t remember it.②You just waste your valuable time.③M