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年考研英語真題解析與復(fù)習(xí)思路(參考版)

2025-04-30 12:43本頁面
  

【正文】 ③區(qū)分作者態(tài)度和文中其他人的態(tài)度,考生應(yīng)保持旁觀者的立場。而在評判某一事物或觀點(diǎn)時,作者態(tài)度必須客觀或支持或反對,或肯定或否定。因而A選項(xiàng)表述了作者的態(tài)度。然后作者談到“反科學(xué)”這一詞語適用的對象。\[A\] impartial\[A\] 公平的,不偏不倚的\[B\] subjective\[B\] 主觀的\[C\] biased\[C\] 有偏向的\[D\] puzzling\[D\] 令人困惑的\[答案\] A\[分析\] 本題考核的知識點(diǎn)是:作者態(tài)度題。D選項(xiàng)與第七段第二句“這并不意味著,對不加控制的工業(yè)發(fā)展表示擔(dān)憂的環(huán)境主義者也是反科學(xué)的”相悖。B選項(xiàng)與第五段提到的“從官方人士到共和黨人都被貼上反科學(xué)標(biāo)簽”的內(nèi)容相悖。難度:A選項(xiàng)與第六段末句提到的“去年五月《美國新聞與世界報(bào)道》在一篇文章中似乎暗示環(huán)境保護(hù)者是反科學(xué)的”內(nèi)容相符。\[D\] Tagging environmentalists as “antiscience” is justifiable.\[D\] 把環(huán)境保護(hù)者冠以“反科學(xué)”的稱謂是有道理的。\[B\] Politicians are not subject to the labeling of antiscience.\[B\] 政治家不容易被貼上反科學(xué)的標(biāo)簽。B和C選項(xiàng)文中均未涉及。第二段雖然提到“以前,科學(xué)界如此之強(qiáng)大...但現(xiàn)在不同了。第三段談到科學(xué)的捍衛(wèi)者在集會上表示了他們的擔(dān)憂,并提到了兩次具體的集會。難度:文章第一段提出了全文的主旨:自然科學(xué)和人文學(xué)科之間的分裂在加深。 2 and 3 are written 、三段的寫作目的是。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。A選項(xiàng)和謂語deepen不搭配,只有裂痕才能“加深”,而對抗只能“加強(qiáng)”。由此可推知,schism指的就是uneasy relationship。顯然,第一句和第三句在內(nèi)容上相呼應(yīng)。\[A\] confrontation\[A\] 對抗、沖突\[B\] dissatisfaction\[B\] 不滿\[C\] separation\[C\] 分裂、分歧\[D\] contempt\[D\] 蔑視\[答案\] C\[分析\] 本題考核的知識點(diǎn)是:詞義題。第八段:使用引證法指出被“反科學(xué)”涵蓋的各種不同的東西的共同點(diǎn)。第四至七段:“反科學(xué)”這一標(biāo)簽被貼在了不同群體上。第一段:前兩句為引子,引出最后一句,即本世紀(jì)自然科學(xué)和人文科學(xué)之間的分裂更深了。文章主要使用了例證、引證和說理三種論證手段。 and The DemonHaunted World, by Carl Sagan of Cornell University.Defenders of science have also voiced their concerns at meetings such as “the Flight from Science and Reason,” held in New York City in 1995, and “Science in the Age of (Mis)information,” which assembled last June near Buffalo.Antiscience clearly means different things to different people. Gross and Levitt find fault primarily with sociologists, philosophers and other academics who have questioned sciences objectivity. Sagan is more concerned with those who believe in ghosts, creationism and other phenomena that contradict the scientific worldview.A survey of news stories in 1996 reveals that the antiscience (3)tag has been attached to many other groups as well, from authorities who advocated the elimination of the last remaining stocks of smallpox virus to Republicans who advocated decreased funding for basic research.Few would dispute that the term applies to the Unabomber, whose manifesto, published in 1995, scorns science and longs for return to a pretechnological utopia. (3)But surely that does not mean environmentalists concerned about uncontrolled industrial growth are antiscience, as an essay in US News amp。他把重組顧問所做的許多工作視為垃圾——“典型的勞而無獲”。BBDD的艾爾他的同事邁克施萊辛格說,“重新規(guī)劃”大多是粗糙的。另一種解釋則認(rèn)為,即使有成效,效果也沒能象人們所設(shè)想的那樣廣泛。(長難句⑤)其他兩種解釋帶有很大的猜測性。企業(yè)重組的新方法——所有那些重新規(guī)劃和縮小規(guī)模的做法——只能對一個經(jīng)濟(jì)的整體生產(chǎn)力做出一方面的貢獻(xiàn),而生產(chǎn)力的發(fā)展還受到許多其它因素的驅(qū)動,如設(shè)備機(jī)械上的聯(lián)合投資、新技術(shù)、以及教育和培訓(xùn)上的投資。魯賓所說的,大量有關(guān)生產(chǎn)力飛躍增長的商業(yè)傳奇與統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)所反映的情況之間存在著“出入”。問題在于,近年發(fā)生的生產(chǎn)力快速增長現(xiàn)象部分是由于商業(yè)周期到了這時候通常會出現(xiàn)的反彈造成的,因而它不是經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇已經(jīng)是潛在趨勢的確鑿證據(jù)。自1991年來,生產(chǎn)力每年約增長2%。(長難句①)官方的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)卻有些讓人沮喪。但是,如果付出了卻沒有收獲會怎樣呢?(佳句①)在美國,無論你走到哪里都會聽到企業(yè)復(fù)蘇的故事。例句補(bǔ)充:She was dismissed as a dreamer.(大家認(rèn)為她喜歡作白日夢,對她不屑一顧。② He dismisses a lot of the work of reengineering consultants as mere rubbish—“the worst sort of ambulancechasing”.句中短語dismisses sb./sth. (as sth.)相當(dāng)于consider sb./sth. not worth talking about(對某人某事物不予理睬或不屑一提)。作者在這里改變了它的形式,賦予了新的含義,即pain without gain勞而不獲,在文中它用來表達(dá)美國當(dāng)今一種吃力不討好的情形。前面是“這并不意味著提高生產(chǎn)力”,冒號后的內(nèi)容起解釋的作用,即“另外兩個方面也同等重要”。主干部分意思比較明確,and后的指示代詞this指前面句子所有的內(nèi)容。⑤ Moreover, most of the changes that panies make are intended to keep them profitable, and this need not always mean increasing productivity:switching to new markets or improving quality can matter just as much. 該句的主干是... the changes... are intended to... and this need not always mean increasing productivity: ...。在economy之后接了一個which引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語從句。anecdote后帶有一個that引導(dǎo)的定語從句(that points to a leap in productivity),名詞picture后是過去分詞reflected by the statistics做后置定語。如:The teams success was largely due to her efforts.③ There is, as Robert Rubin, the treasury secretary, says, a “disjunction” between the mass of business anecdote that points to a leap in productivity and the picture reflected by the statistics.句子主干是There is... a “disjunction” between the... anecdote that... and the picture... 。第二個表語由and so連接,與前面表語是并列加因果的關(guān)系。在這個從句中,主干是the productivity revolution is for real,其中主語the productivity revolution后又接了一個that引導(dǎo)的定語從句。只有A選項(xiàng)在文中未提及。C選項(xiàng)在第五段中提及,作者引用比爾的話說明一些公司用機(jī)械的方式進(jìn)行重組,雖然降低了成本,卻犧牲了長期的利潤。\[答案\] A\[分析\] 本題考核的知識點(diǎn)是:綜合細(xì)節(jié)題。\[C\] The reduction of costs is not a sure way to gain longterm profitability.\[C\] 降低成本并不一定能帶來長期利潤。 of the following statements is NOT mentioned in the passage??\[A\] Radical reforms are essential for the increase of productivity.\[A\] 激進(jìn)的改革對于生產(chǎn)力的增長必不可少。C選項(xiàng)與作者用官方數(shù)據(jù)去說明自己的觀點(diǎn)的用意相悖。因此B選項(xiàng)是作者真正想反映的問題??梢?,pain指的是“生產(chǎn)力革命”,no gain指的是“沒有效果”。解題的關(guān)鍵在于根據(jù)上下文確定pain和gain兩個詞在文中的確切含義。\[A\] he questions the truth of “no gain without pain”\[A\] 他懷疑“不勞無獲”的真實(shí)性\[B\] he does not think the productivity revolution works\[B\] 他認(rèn)為所謂的生產(chǎn)力革命并沒有奏效\[C\] he wonders if the official statistics are misleading\[C\] 他懷疑官方數(shù)字有誤導(dǎo)性\[D\] he has conclusive evidence for the revival of businesses\[D\] 他掌握了商業(yè)復(fù)蘇的確鑿證據(jù)\[答案\] B\[分析\] 本題考核的知識點(diǎn)是:文章主旨題。作者沒有對數(shù)據(jù)的真實(shí)性產(chǎn)生懷疑,因此D選項(xiàng)不對。第二段第五句將(數(shù)據(jù)反映出來的)生產(chǎn)力增長的部分原因歸結(jié)于經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展周期中的反彈現(xiàn)象,可見數(shù)據(jù)是反映了而非排除了反彈現(xiàn)象。B選項(xiàng)以fall short of代替原文中的disjuntion,為正確選項(xiàng)。本段最后一句指出,在商界有關(guān)生產(chǎn)力飛躍增長的傳聞與統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)反映的情況之間存在“脫節(jié)”(disjunction)。\[A\] exclude the usual rebound in a business cycle\[A\] 排除了商業(yè)周期中的正常反彈現(xiàn)象\[B\] fall short of businessmens anticipation\[B\] 沒有達(dá)到商業(yè)人士的預(yù)想\[C\] meet the expectation of business people\[C\] 達(dá)到了商業(yè)人士的預(yù)想\[D\] fail to reflect the true state of economy\[D\] 沒有反映出經(jīng)濟(jì)的真實(shí)狀況\[答案\] B\[分析\] 本題考核的知識點(diǎn)是:具體細(xì)節(jié)題??忌枰獙ψ髡邞B(tài)度和所給事實(shí)進(jìn)行分析,才能夠得出答案。在文中可以發(fā)現(xiàn)discouraging, trouble, disjunction等貶義詞匯的運(yùn)用,說明文章的基調(diào)是沮喪的,因此C、D選項(xiàng)錯誤,B選項(xiàng)在原文中找不到相關(guān)表述。最近的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長部分是由于商業(yè)周期中出現(xiàn)反彈(rebound)造成的,因此不是企業(yè)復(fù)蘇已經(jīng)是潛在趨勢的確鑿證據(jù)。可見,作者對美國表現(xiàn)出來的經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇的形勢持懷疑態(tài)度。第一段指出,在美國,無論你走到哪里都會聽到企業(yè)復(fù)蘇的故事。\[A\] not as good as it seems\[A\] 不如表面看上去那么好\[B\] at its turning point\[B\] 處于轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)\[C\] much better than it seems\[C\] 比表面看起來好得多\[D\] near to plete recovery\[D\] 幾乎完全復(fù)蘇\[答案\] A\[分析\] 本題考核的知識點(diǎn)是:段落主旨題。第三段至第五段:具體解釋企業(yè)重組沒有促進(jìn)生產(chǎn)力發(fā)展的原因。本段結(jié)構(gòu)為總—分—總。第一段:開始部分使用諺語作為引子,引出全文主題:美國生產(chǎn)力革命并沒有改善經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況。論證部分先用數(shù)據(jù)說明美國經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢沒有商界人士認(rèn)為的那樣好,接著分析其原因是企業(yè)的生產(chǎn)力革命沒有促進(jìn)生產(chǎn)力的發(fā)展。(1998年 Text 2)難度:Well, no gain without pain, they say. But what about pain without gain? Everywher
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