chapter-5-12-(參考版)
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【正文】 ? 思考：其他詞語意義關(guān)系 ? Disadvantages of Componential analysis ? Polysemous words ( words having more than one meaning) will have different sets of semantic ponents,such as man in Man is mortal. ? Some ponents are seen as binary taxonomies. . The distinction of boy and man is different from that of girl and woman. ? There are some words whose semantic ponents are difficult to ascertain. . Human, Adult, Male , are called metalanguage (a language used for talking about another language. 2) Predication analysis 述謂結(jié)構(gòu)分析 (British G. Leech). 1) The meaning of a sentence is not to be worked out by adding up all the meanings of its ponent words, “The dog bites the man” is semantically different from “The man bites the dog” though their ponents are exactly the same. ? 2) There are two aspects to sentence meaning: grammatical meaning and semantic meaning, . ? *Green clouds are sleeping furiously. ? *Sincerity shook hands with the black apple. ? Whether a sentence is semantically meaningful is governed by rules called selectional restrictions. ? Proposition命題 the abstraction of the meaning of a sentence. 指一個句子所表達的基本意義 ? A proposition consists of argument(s) and predication. ? An argument is a logical participant in a predication, largely identical with the nominal elements in a sentence. ? A predication is something said about an argument or it states the logical relation linking the arguments in a sentence. ? According to the number of arguments contained in a predication, we may classify the predications into the following types: ? Oneplace predication: John is ill JOHN(BE ILL) ? Twoplace predication: Children like sweets. CHILDREN, SWEET(LIKE) ? Threeplace predication: John gave Mary a book JOHN (SEND) MARY BOOK ? Noplace predication: It is hot. (BE HOT) ? Tom smokes. ? TOM (SMOKE) ? The tree grows well. ? TREE (GROW) ? The kids like apples. ? KIDS (LIKE) APPLE ? I sent him a lette
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