【正文】
? *Sincerity shakes hands with the black apple. ? When A is semantically anomalous, it is absurd in the sense that it presupposes a contradiction. Semantic analysis ? Analysis of meaning ?Componential analysis ?Predication analysis 1) Componential analysis成分分析法 a way to analyze lexical meaning. The approach is based on the belief that the meaning of a word can be dissected into meaning ponents, called semantic features. 所有實(shí)詞的意義都可以分解成一些“語義成分”,稱作語義特征,語義標(biāo)示( Semantic Markers)、或義素 ( Sememes) For example, ?[+/MALE]: bull/cow, ram/ewe, stallion/mare ?[+/ADULT]: duck/duckling, pig/piglet, dog/puppy ? Man: [+HUMAN, +ADULT, +ANIMATE, +MALE] ? Boy: [+HUMAN, ADULT, +ANIMATE, +MALE] ? Woman: [+HUMAN, +ADULT, +ANIMATE, MALE] ? Girl: [+HUMAN, ADULT, +ANIMATE, MALE] ? {man:woman} {boy:girl} {man:boy} {woman:girl}兩詞僅有一個(gè)義素之差,如果規(guī)定兩個(gè)詞語的義素之中除一個(gè)義素不同外其他義素均相同,該兩詞語即構(gòu)成反義詞,那么上述的對(duì)子便構(gòu)成了四組反義詞。 ? 假如 A句為真,那么 B句必為真,我們就可以說 A句蘊(yùn)含 B句。 teach: learn 。… 3) Synonyms that differ in their emotive or evaluative meaning,在情感或評(píng)價(jià)意義方面存在差異的同義詞 acplice,… 4) Collocational synonyms搭配同義詞 . accuse…of, charge…with, rebuke…for。 … 5) Semantically different synonyms ( in range and intensity in meaning), . want, wish, desire 。 give: take。而假如 B句為假,那么 A句也肯定為假。 If X is false, Y is still true. ? 不可否定性 是界定先設(shè)與其他隱形語義差異的主要依據(jù)。 in front of: behind ? This type of antonymy is typically seen in reciprocal social roles, kinship relations, temporal and spatial relations. 3) Hyponymy 上下義關(guān)系 Hyponymy refers to the sense relation between a more general, more inclusive word and a more specific word. ? Superordinate: the word which is more general in meaning. ? Hyponyms: the more specific words ? Cohyponyms: hyponyms of the same superordinate animal livestock cat dog pig cow … wildlife wolf tiger lion … ? Superordinate: flower ? Hyponyms: rose, tulip, lily, chrysanthemum, peony, narcissus, … ? Su