chapter-5-12--文庫吧資料
2024-08-17 10:12本頁面
【正文】 r. ? I (SEND) HIM LETTER ? 命題是對句子的理論抽象，不含句式變體（如將肯定句演變?yōu)榉穸ň?、疑問句等）和信息結(jié)構(gòu)變體（如把一般句式轉(zhuǎn)變成強(qiáng)調(diào)句或分裂句式），不涉及語態(tài)、時、體、冠詞等語法范疇。 If X is false, Y is still true. ? 不可否定性 是界定先設(shè)與其他隱形語義差異的主要依據(jù)。而假如 B句為假，那么 A句也肯定為假。 if Y is false, X is false. ? 蘊含是以語句間的真值關(guān)系 (truth relations)為裁定條件。 if X is false, Y is false. 2)X is inconsistent with Y 對立句關(guān)系 ? X: He is single. ? Y: He has a wife. ? X: This is my first visit to Beijing. ? Y: I have been to Beijing twice. ? If X is true, Y is false。 in front of: behind ? This type of antonymy is typically seen in reciprocal social roles, kinship relations, temporal and spatial relations. 3) Hyponymy 上下義關(guān)系 Hyponymy refers to the sense relation between a more general, more inclusive word and a more specific word. ? Superordinate: the word which is more general in meaning. ? Hyponyms: the more specific words ? Cohyponyms: hyponyms of the same superordinate animal livestock cat dog pig cow … wildlife wolf tiger lion … ? Superordinate: flower ? Hyponyms: rose, tulip, lily, chrysanthemum, peony, narcissus, … ? Superordinate: furniture ? Hyponyms: bed, table, desk, dresser, wardrobe, sofa, … 4) Meronymy 包含關(guān)系 Meronymy is a term used to describe a partwhole relationship between lexical items. tree root trunk branch leaf Meronymy reflects hierarchical classification in the lexicon. In the above diagram, for instance, root, trunk, branch and leaf are comeronyms of TREE. Another example: BODY head neck trunk limbs hair forehead eyes nose etc. 5) Homonymy同音異義現(xiàn)象 , 同形異義現(xiàn)象 Lexical items which have the same phonological and/or spelling form, but differ in meaning are called homonyms ?Homograghs同形異音異義詞 identical in spelling but differ in sound and meaning , . tear(n.)tear(v.), lead(n.)lead(v.), … ?Homophones同音異義 /形詞 identical in sound but differ in sound and meaning, . rainreign, night/knight, … ?Full/Complete homonym完全同音
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