【正文】
Journal of Finance[22] Noe,Thomas H.,1988,Capital Structure and Signaling, Review of Financial Studies1[23] Opler, Timothy, Lee Pinkowitz, Rene Stulz, and Rohan Williamson,1999, The determinants and implications of corporate cash holdings, Journal of Financial Economics 52[24] Patrick, Bolton, and David Scharfstein,1990, A Theory of Predation Based on Agency Problems in Financial Comtracting, American Economic Review 80[25] Phillips,Gordon, 1995,Increased Debt and ProductMarket Competition, Journal of Financial Economics37[26] Smith, C. W., and ,1992, The Investment opportunity set and corporate financing, dividend and pensation Polices, Journal of Financial Economics 32[27] Smith , Clifford W. Jr, Raising Capital:Theory and Evidence, New Corporate Finance[28] Tirole, Jean, The Theory of Industry Organization, Cambridge: MIT Press,1988[29] Viswanath, .,1993,Strategic considerations, the pecking order hypothesis, and market reactions to equity financing, Journal of Financial and Quantitative Anaylsis28[30] Vidhan K. Goyal, Kenneth Lehn, and Stanko Racic,2001, Growth Opportunities and Corporate Debt Policy: The Case of the . Defense Industry, Journal of Financial Economics[31] Zingales , Luigi, 1999, Survival of the Fittest or the Fattest? Exit and Financing in the Trucking Industry, Working paper, Chicago University 通信地址:北京 清華大學(xué)中國經(jīng)濟(jì)研究中心電話:861062789695 傳真:861062789697郵編:100084網(wǎng)址:Email: ncerAdress:National Center for Economic ResearchTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084ChinaTel: 861062789695 Fax: 861062789697Web site: Email: ncer。參考文獻(xiàn)[1] Baker,Growth,corporate policies, and the investment opportunity set, Journal of Accounting and Economics 16[2] Barclay, .,and ,1995a,The maturity structure of corporate debt, Journal of Finance 50[3] Barclay, .,and ,1995b,The priority structure of corporate debt, Journal of Finance 50[4] Barclay, .,and ,1995,The Determinants of Corporate Leverage and Dividend Policies, Journal of Applied Corporate Finance 7[5] Barclay, Michael J., Erwan Morellec and Clifford , Jr.,2001, On the debt capacity of growth options[6] Barclay , Michael J. and Clifford W. Smith, Jr.,1999, the Capital Structure Puzzle: another look at the evidence。2001年配股、增發(fā)行為普遍受到股票市場抵制,不少承銷商因包銷成為大股東,增加了承銷商風(fēng)險(xiǎn),導(dǎo)致新股發(fā)行的實(shí)質(zhì)性分銷。錢在投資者手中,投資者用腳投票的發(fā)言權(quán)最為關(guān)鍵。同樣是國有控股上市公司,H股等境外上市公司很難獲得境外股票市場認(rèn)同。從中長期來看,最根本的還是改造股票市場投資者結(jié)構(gòu),增強(qiáng)股票市場自身對上市公司投融資行為的評價和識別能力,形成倒逼信號。我們認(rèn)為,從監(jiān)管角度,可以要求上市公司發(fā)行新股時,必須由財(cái)務(wù)顧問或承銷商撰寫募集資金投向的融資分析報(bào)告,給出發(fā)行新股的專業(yè)分析和充足的理由。因此,需要采取措施,減少上市公司過度股權(quán)融資行為。例如,主營業(yè)務(wù)增長機(jī)會潛力已盡、自由現(xiàn)金流充裕,而收益穩(wěn)定的地方基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和公用事業(yè)上市公司,本應(yīng)成為價值型公司。負(fù)債率低并非都是股權(quán)過度融資,僅僅根據(jù)企業(yè)現(xiàn)有業(yè)務(wù)/資產(chǎn)時點(diǎn)的資產(chǎn)負(fù)債率來判斷企業(yè)是否過度融資過于武斷,是靜態(tài)觀點(diǎn),需要從企業(yè)動態(tài)競爭需要角度評價資本結(jié)構(gòu)的合理性。四.結(jié)論及實(shí)踐意義 融資決策和資本結(jié)構(gòu)管理是企業(yè)基于產(chǎn)品市場競爭環(huán)境、公司戰(zhàn)略以及資本市場環(huán)境的商業(yè)選擇。因此,燕京啤酒上市以來連續(xù)發(fā)行股票融資,儲備了較大的后續(xù)融資能力,當(dāng)前財(cái)務(wù)保守行為,實(shí)際上是一種理性行為,是一種風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理措施,具有戰(zhàn)略價值。 上述分析說明,融資方式選擇和財(cái)務(wù)杠桿水平的確定不能僅僅基于公司當(dāng)前盈利水平和競爭格局相比,而是要考慮由于主要競爭對手相似的業(yè)務(wù)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略和競爭策略導(dǎo)致行業(yè)競爭格局、投資要求和盈利預(yù)期。而且企業(yè)破產(chǎn)成本高,不僅對當(dāng)?shù)亟?jīng)濟(jì)造成極大影響,而且由于大量工人失業(yè)會造成社會的不安定。(4) 管理層厭惡破產(chǎn)風(fēng)險(xiǎn),企業(yè)破產(chǎn)成本很高。如果在此基礎(chǔ)上,增加公司長期負(fù)債,無異于雪上加霜。 從圖中可以看出,由于啤酒行業(yè)競爭日趨激烈,即使在樂觀情形下,今后幾年燕京啤酒的資產(chǎn)利潤率也會逐漸下降。同樣的