【正文】
5135萬(wàn)(%)2000年內(nèi)蒙古包頭雪鹿7000萬(wàn)(%)改造后生產(chǎn)能力將達(dá)到10萬(wàn)噸2000年8月山東萊州中策(占55%)2000年12月山東無(wú)名(占51%),進(jìn)入國(guó)內(nèi)啤酒行業(yè)前20名。從燕京啤酒近年來(lái)的現(xiàn)金流量表可以看出,燕京啤酒的資本支出逐年增加,并且占據(jù)了其現(xiàn)金支出的很大一部分比例,說(shuō)明處于高速成長(zhǎng)階段的燕京啤酒要實(shí)現(xiàn)投資機(jī)會(huì),需要投入資金,而且,這種機(jī)會(huì)在未來(lái)數(shù)年內(nèi)仍將存在,為完成燕京啤酒的全國(guó)擴(kuò)張,需要更多資金投入。并購(gòu)步伐不及青島和華潤(rùn)。因此,如果燕京啤酒要加快對(duì)地方品牌啤酒企業(yè)的并購(gòu),與青島啤酒和華潤(rùn)展開(kāi)戰(zhàn)略競(jìng)爭(zhēng),將需要更大規(guī)模的資本支出。 通常衡量一個(gè)公司經(jīng)歷財(cái)務(wù)危機(jī)的可能性的指標(biāo)是Z值,我們采用目前常用的MackieMason(1990)提出的計(jì)算公式: Z=(*利息和稅之前的利潤(rùn)+銷(xiāo)售收入+留存收益+運(yùn)營(yíng)資本)/總資產(chǎn) Z值越高,公司發(fā)生財(cái)務(wù)危機(jī)的可能性越小。 從圖中可以看出,由于啤酒行業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)日趨激烈,即使在樂(lè)觀情形下,今后幾年燕京啤酒的資產(chǎn)利潤(rùn)率也會(huì)逐漸下降。(4) 管理層厭惡破產(chǎn)風(fēng)險(xiǎn),企業(yè)破產(chǎn)成本很高。 上述分析說(shuō)明,融資方式選擇和財(cái)務(wù)杠桿水平的確定不能僅僅基于公司當(dāng)前盈利水平和競(jìng)爭(zhēng)格局相比,而是要考慮由于主要競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手相似的業(yè)務(wù)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略和競(jìng)爭(zhēng)策略導(dǎo)致行業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)格局、投資要求和盈利預(yù)期。四.結(jié)論及實(shí)踐意義 融資決策和資本結(jié)構(gòu)管理是企業(yè)基于產(chǎn)品市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)環(huán)境、公司戰(zhàn)略以及資本市場(chǎng)環(huán)境的商業(yè)選擇。例如,主營(yíng)業(yè)務(wù)增長(zhǎng)機(jī)會(huì)潛力已盡、自由現(xiàn)金流充裕,而收益穩(wěn)定的地方基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和公用事業(yè)上市公司,本應(yīng)成為價(jià)值型公司。我們認(rèn)為,從監(jiān)管角度,可以要求上市公司發(fā)行新股時(shí),必須由財(cái)務(wù)顧問(wèn)或承銷(xiāo)商撰寫(xiě)募集資金投向的融資分析報(bào)告,給出發(fā)行新股的專(zhuān)業(yè)分析和充足的理由。同樣是國(guó)有控股上市公司,H股等境外上市公司很難獲得境外股票市場(chǎng)認(rèn)同。2001年配股、增發(fā)行為普遍受到股票市場(chǎng)抵制,不少承銷(xiāo)商因包銷(xiāo)成為大股東,增加了承銷(xiāo)商風(fēng)險(xiǎn),導(dǎo)致新股發(fā)行的實(shí)質(zhì)性分銷(xiāo)。 Journal of Finance[22] Noe,Thomas H.,1988,Capital Structure and Signaling, Review of Financial Studies1[23] Opler, Timothy, Lee Pinkowitz, Rene Stulz, and Rohan Williamson,1999, The determinants and implications of corporate cash holdings, Journal of Financial Economics 52[24] Patrick, Bolton, and David Scharfstein,1990, A Theory of Predation Based on Agency Problems in Financial Comtracting, American Economic Review 80[25] Phillips,Gordon, 1995,Increased Debt and ProductMarket Competition, Journal of Financial Economics37[26] Smith, C. W., and ,1992, The Investment opportunity set and corporate financing, dividend and pensation Polices, Journal of Financial Economics 32[27] Smith , Clifford W. Jr, Raising Capital:Theory and Evidence, New Corporate Finance[28] Tirole, Jean, The Theory of Industry Organization, Cambridge: MIT Press,1988[29] Viswanath, .,1993,Strategic considerations, the pecking order hypothesis, and market reactions to equity financing, Journal of Financial and Quantitative Anaylsis28[30] Vidhan K. Goyal, Kenneth Lehn, and Stanko Racic,2001, Growth Opportunities and Corporate Debt Policy: The Case of the . Defense Industry, Journal of Financial Economics[31] Zingales , Luigi, 1999, Survival of the Fittest or the Fattest? Exit and Financing in the Trucking Industry, Working paper, Chicago University 通信地址:北京 清華大學(xué)中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)研究中心電話:861062789695 傳真:861062789697郵編:100084網(wǎng)址:Email: ncerAdress:National Center for Economic ResearchTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084ChinaTel: 861062789695 Fax: 861062789697Web site: Email: ncer。參考文獻(xiàn)[1] Baker,Growth,corporate policies, and the investment opportunity set, Journal of Accounting and Economics 16[2] Barclay, .,and ,1995a,The maturity structure of corporate debt, Journal of Finance 50[3] Barclay, .,and ,1995b,The priority structure of corporate debt, Journal of Finance 50[4] Barclay, .,and ,1995,The Determinants of Corporate Leverage and Dividend Policies, Journal of Applied Corporate Finance 7[5] Barclay, Michael J., Erwan Morellec and Clifford , Jr.,2001, On the debt capacity of growth options[6]