【正文】 7039。 the 20th century, reached the highest precision machining mm。 Act referred to as forming method of forming tools, is the final workpiece surface profile that matches the shape tool, or forming a shaped surface grinding and other processing, such as the shape of turning, milling and shaping forming such as grinding, molding tool manufacturing as difficult it is generally only used for processing short shaped surface。 modification process is intended to reduce the surface roughness, to improve the corrosion, dustproof performance and improve the appearance, but also does not require higher precision, such as polishing, sanding, etc.。 semiroughing and finishing finishing generally as an intermediate between the processes。 carbide cutting tools appeared in 1923, pared to cutting speed highspeed steel cutting tools has raised about twice。s, on the principle of grinding in the 19th century, 80 years since the new tool materials have appeared. 19 high speed steel cutting tool end of the century, so that the tool39。 Western Han Dynasty ( 206 BC ~ AD 23), already use the drill rods and drill pipe, method of grinding with sand in the jade dress and more than 4,000 pieces of jade tablet on a hard, drilling the more than 18,000 1 to 2 mm in diameter holes. Mid17th century, China began to use animal power instead of humandriven tool for cutting. If the year 1668, he worked in animaldriven devices, with multiple tooth milling cutter diameter astronomical apparatus 2 husbands (Guzhang) large copper ring, then use the grindstone for finishing. Half of the 18th century, the British industrial revolution began, as the invention of the steam engine and modern machine tools, cutting began to steam as the motive power。 edge shape and edge with no fixed number of abrasive or abrasive conduct cutting methods are grinding, grinding, honing and polishing. Cutting is the most important machine in the processing methods. Although the manufacture of precision rough rising casting, forging, extrusion, powder metallurgy processing applications on widely, but cutting a wide range of adaptation, and can achieve high precision and low surface roughness, in Machinery manufacturing processes still occupy an important position. Cutting history dating back to primitive man to create stone splitting, bone drilling instruments of labor Paleolithic period. In China, as early as the midCommerce (13th century BC), the method already grinding process can be used bronze mirrors?！　O速加工：　　－能使實(shí)際使用的大直徑工件以 4,000 rpm 的速度進(jìn)行剛性攻牙　?。毒吒鼡Q時(shí)間，TT:, CC:　?。煲贫ㄎ凰俣龋╔、Y軸）：48m/min（1889 IPM）　?。煲贫ㄎ凰俣龋╔、Y軸）：36m/min （1417 IPM）　　高性能主軸：　?。?,000, 6,000, 8,000, 10,000 ａnd 12,000RPM主軸和Fanuc 控制器　　－業(yè)界通用的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)40刀頭　　其它優(yōu)勢(shì)：　?。枯S絕對(duì)編碼，無轉(zhuǎn)換限制　?。妱?dòng)設(shè)計(jì)，非液壓驅(qū)動(dòng)　?。蛇x擇12或14把刀的刀具庫　?。瓨O省空間的足踏設(shè)計(jì)　?。梭w工學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)使操作更舒適有效率　　CNC控制器：FANUC21iMB　　快速進(jìn)給率：48m/min（X,Y） 36m/min（Z）　　數(shù)據(jù)輸入：以太網(wǎng)，RS232C，記憶卡　　電源：AC200/AC220V（11KVA）　　占地面積：16002360mm 行程：600400400mm附錄2Manufacturing equipment, significantly higher material removal rate, and to ensure the machining accuracy and machining quality of modern manufacturing technology. Has the following characteristics: low cutting forces, heat distortion, material removal rate, high accuracy, reducing process. The emergence of highspeed cutting technology makes the application of carbide mold growing, highspeed cutting technology can present the cutting mechanism has not yet formed a theory, highspeed cutting machines have not been largescale application, is to buy a highspeed cutting machine needs 100 400 million yuan, the average small mold making business is not enough money to buy such expensive highspeed cutting machines. Heavy cutting is to use cutting tools or workpieces on the blank layer cut away the excess material so obtained the required workpiece geometry, dimensions and surface quality of processing methods. Any cutting must meet three basic conditions: cutting tool, workpiece and cutting sports. Cutting tools should be edge, the material must be harder than the workpiece?！　?duì)大理石、花崗石和混凝土等堅(jiān)硬材料的加工，主要用切割、車削、鉆孔、刨削、研磨和拋光等方法。對(duì)玻璃的切削加工常用切割、鉆孔、研磨和拋光等方法。若刀具鋒利，角度合適，可產(chǎn)生帶狀切屑，易于帶走熱量?！　∷芰系膭偠缺冉饘俨睿讖澢冃?，尤其是熱塑性塑料導(dǎo)熱性差，易升溫軟化?！　?duì)木材、塑料、橡膠、玻璃、大理石、花崗石等非金屬材料的切削加工，雖與金屬材料的切削類似，但所用刀具、設(shè)備和切削用量等各有特點(diǎn)。低頻振動(dòng)切削具有很好的斷屑效果，可不用斷屑裝置，使刀刃強(qiáng)度增加，切削時(shí)的總功率消耗比帶有斷屑裝置的普通切削降低40％左右。強(qiáng)力切削時(shí)，徑向切削力很大故不適于加工細(xì)長工件。強(qiáng)力車削的主要特點(diǎn)是車刀除主切削刃外，還有一個(gè)平行于工件已加工表面的副切削刃同時(shí)參與切削，故可把進(jìn)給量比一般車削提高幾倍甚至十幾倍。高速切削（或磨削）要求機(jī)床具有高轉(zhuǎn)速、高剛度、大功率和抗振性好的工藝系統(tǒng)；要求刀具有合理的幾何參數(shù)和方便的緊固方式，還需考慮安全可靠的斷屑方法?！　∧ハ魉俣仍?5米／秒以上的切削稱為高速磨削?！　√岣咔邢饔昧恳蕴岣卟牧锨谐剩翘岣咔邢骷庸ば实幕就緩??！　∮绊懬邢骷庸べ|(zhì)量的主要因素有機(jī)床、刀具、夾具、工件毛坯、工藝方法和加工環(huán)境等方面。隨著技術(shù)的進(jìn)步，切削加工的質(zhì)量不斷提高。有些切削加工兼有刀尖軌跡法和成形刀具法的特點(diǎn)，如螺紋車削。按表面形成方法，切削加工可分為刀尖軌跡法、成形刀具法、展成法三類。精整加工的加工余量小，如珩磨、研磨、超精磨削和超精加工等；修飾加工的目的是為了減小表面粗糙度，以提高防蝕、防塵性能和改善外觀，而并不要求提高精度，如拋光、砂光等；超精密加工主要用于航天、激光、電子、核能等需要某些非凡精密零件的加工，其精度高達(dá)IT4以上，如鏡面車削、鏡面磨削、軟磨粒機(jī)械化學(xué)拋光等?！　〈旨庸な怯么蟮那邢魃疃?，經(jīng)一次或少數(shù)幾次走刀，從工件上切去大部分或全部加工余量的加工方法，如粗車、粗刨、粗銑、鉆削和鋸切等，粗加工效率高但精度較低，一般用作預(yù)先加工；半精加工一般作為粗加工與精加工之間的中間工序；精加工是用精細(xì)切削的方式，使加工表面達(dá)到較高的精度和表面質(zhì)量，如精車、精刨、精鉸、精磨等，精加工一般是最終加工。因此按工藝特征，切削加工一般可分為：車削、銑削、鉆削、鏜削、鉸削、刨削、插削、拉削、鋸切、磨削、研磨、珩磨、超精加工、拋光、齒輪加工、蝸輪加工、螺紋加工、超精密加工、鉗工和刮削等?！　〗饘俨牧系那邢骷庸び性S多分類方法，常見的有按工藝特征、按材料切除率和加工精度、按表面成型方法三種分類方法。19世紀(jì)末出現(xiàn)的高速鋼刀具，使刀具許用的切削速度比碳素工具鋼和合金工具鋼刀具提高兩倍以上，達(dá)到25米/分左右；1923年出現(xiàn)的硬質(zhì)合金刀具，使切削速度比高速鋼刀具又提高兩倍左右；30年代以后出現(xiàn)的金屬陶瓷和超硬材料（人造金剛石和立方氮化硼），進(jìn)一步提高了切削速度和加工精度。　　18世紀(jì)后半期，英國工業(yè)革命開始后，由于蒸汽機(jī)和近代機(jī)床的發(fā)明，切削加工開始用蒸汽機(jī)作為動(dòng)力；到19世紀(jì)70年代，切削加工中又開始使用電力?！　?7世紀(jì)中葉，中國開始利用畜力代替人力驅(qū)動(dòng)刀具進(jìn)行切削加工?！　∏邢骷庸さ臍v史可追溯到原始人創(chuàng)造石劈、骨鉆等勞動(dòng)工具的舊石器時(shí)期?！　∏邢骷庸な菣C(jī)械制造中最主要的加工方法。切削工具應(yīng)有刃口，其材質(zhì)必須比工件堅(jiān)硬；不同的刀具結(jié)構(gòu)和切削運(yùn)動(dòng)形式，構(gòu)成不同的切削方法?！　≈厍邢骷庸な怯们邢鞴ぞ撸雅髁匣蚬ぜ隙嘤嗟牟牧蠈忧腥?，使工件獲得規(guī)定的幾何外形、尺寸和表面質(zhì)量的加工方法。具有以下特征：切削力低、熱變形小、材料切除率高、高精度、減少工序。 美國《蘭姆》公司的組合機(jī)床及自動(dòng)線（續(xù)）[J]. 組合機(jī)床與自動(dòng)化加工技術(shù)。美國《蘭姆》公司的組合機(jī)床及自動(dòng)線[J]. 組合機(jī)床與自動(dòng)化加工技術(shù)。達(dá)到坐標(biāo)鏜床加工精度的自動(dòng)線[J]. 組合機(jī)床與自動(dòng)化加工技術(shù)。組合機(jī)床技術(shù)的探討[J]. 組合機(jī)床與自動(dòng)化加工技術(shù)。在調(diào)整中加速組合機(jī)床及其自動(dòng)線的發(fā)展[J]. 組合機(jī)床與自動(dòng)化加工技術(shù)。本設(shè)計(jì)也有不足之處如：結(jié)構(gòu)不夠緊湊、機(jī)床占地面積大等。并且在設(shè)計(jì)之中，盡量選用通用件，進(jìn)一步減少了制造成本，從而增加了經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。結(jié)論本次設(shè)計(jì)的ZH1105W柴油機(jī)齒輪室蓋三面鉆鏜組合機(jī)床采用單工位的工作方式，在加工生產(chǎn)線上同時(shí)完成了三道工序，大大提高了生產(chǎn)效率，降低了勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度，從而降低了零件的加工成本。根據(jù)切削用量、工作循環(huán)、工作行程、工件、刀具、及導(dǎo)向等繪制加工示意圖，見附圖ZH1105W0102。根據(jù)設(shè)計(jì)課題要求繪制柴油機(jī)齒輪室蓋的加工工序圖，見附圖ZH1