【正文】 entury, 70s, began cutting the use of electricity. Principles of metal cutting began in the 19th century 5039。s, on the principle of grinding in the 19th century, 80 years since the new tool materials have appeared. 19 high speed steel cutting tool end of the century, so that the tool39。s cutting speed than the allowable carbon tool steel and alloy tool steel cutter for more than triple, to 25 m / min or so。 carbide cutting tools appeared in 1923, pared to cutting speed highspeed steel cutting tools has raised about twice。 30 years after the emergence of metalceramic and superhard materials (synthetic diamond and cubic boron nitride), to further improve the cutting speed and precision. With the continuous development of machine tools and cutting tools, precision cutting, efficiency and automation are continuously improving and expanding application range, thus greatly promoting the development of modern machinery manufacturing industry. Cutting of metal materials have many classifications have mon characteristics by technology, by material removal rate and machining accuracy, surface forming method according to three types of classification. Features cutting process depends on the structure of the cutting tool and cutting tool and workpiece relative motion form. So according to these processes, cutting general can be divided into: turning, milling, drilling, boring, reaming, planing, slotting, broaching, sawing, grinding, grinding, honing, super finishing, polishing, Gear, Worm processing, thread processing, ultraprecision machining, bench and scrape so. By material removal rate and machining precision, machining can be divided into roughing, semi finishing, finishing, finishing processing, modification processing, ultraprecision processing. Roughing depth of cut is large, go through one or a few knife, cut away from the work most or all of the allowances of the processing methods, such as rough turning, rough planing, rough milling, drilling and sawing, etc. , roughing and high efficiency but low accuracy, normally used for preprocessing。 semiroughing and finishing finishing generally as an intermediate between the processes。 finishing with a fine cutting is a way to achieve high machining accuracy and surface surface quality, such as fine cars, fine planing, precision hinges, and fine grinding, finishing the final processing generally. Finishing after the process is finished, its purpose is to obtain a smaller surface roughness and slightly increased accuracy. Finishing of the machining allowance is small, such as honing, grinding, ultra fine grinding and super finishing, etc.。 modification process is intended to reduce the surface roughness, to improve the corrosion, dustproof performance and improve the appearance, but also does not require higher precision, such as polishing, sanding, etc.。 ultraprecision machining is mainly used for aerospace, laser, electronics, nuclear energy needs of some of the extraordinary precision machining, the precision of up to IT4 above, such as turning mirror, mirror grinding, Polishing chemical mechanical polishing grain. Cutting, the workpiece machined surface is to rely on cutting tools and workpieces for relative movement to obtain. By surface methods can be divided into cutting tip locus, forming cutter method, generating method three. Tip trajectory method is to rely on tip relative to the trajectory surface, to obtain the required surface of the workpiece geometry, such as cylindrical turning, planing surface, cylindrical grinding, turning with a forming surface by mold and so on, tip trajectory depends on the machine tool cutting tools provided by the relative motion with the workpiece。 Act referred to as forming method of forming tools, is the final workpiece surface profile that matches the shape tool, or forming a shaped surface grinding and other processing, such as the shape of turning, milling and shaping forming such as grinding, molding tool manufacturing as difficult it is generally only used for processing short shaped surface。 Expansion method is also known as rotary cutting method, the processing time for cutting tool and workpiece relative develop into a movement, tool and workpiece instantaneous center line with each other for pure rolling, speed ratio established between the two relations, obtained by processing the surface is edge of this movement in the envelope, gear hobbing process in, shaper, shaving, honing, and grinding teeth, etc. are generating method processing. Some of both cutting and forming tool tip trajectory method method characteristics, such as thread turning. Cutting quality mainly refers to the workpiece machining accuracy and surface quality (including surface roughness, residual stress and surface hardening). As technology advances, constantly improve the quality of cutting. The late 18th century, cutting precision in millimeters。 the 20th century, reached the highest precision machining mm。 to 50 years, has reached micron machining accuracy。 7039。s, cutting accuracy has increased to microns. Affect the quality of the main factors cutting machine tools, tools, fixtures, workpiece blank, process methods and processing environment. To improve the cutting quality of these aspects must take appropriate measures, such as reduced machine tool error, the correct selection of cutting tools to improve the rough quality, reasonable arrangements for technology to improve environmental conditions. Cutting to improve the higher material removal rate is to improve the efficiency of the basic means of cutting. Commonly used methods of high speed machining cutting, heavy cutting, plasma arc cutting and vibration cutting of heating. Grinding speed of 45 m / sec or as highspeed grinding cut. Highspeed cutting (or grinding) can improve efficiency, but also reduce the surface roughness. Highspeed cutting (or grinding) to require machines with high speed, high stiffness, high power a