微生物名詞解釋(參考版)
2025-04-10 03:28本頁面
【正文】 used as a synonym for mutualism.synergism 協(xié)同作用The coordinated or correlated action by two or more drugs or microbes that results in a heightened response or greater activity.temperate phage 溫和噬菌體A bacteriophage that enters into a less virulent state by being incorporated into the host genome as a prophage instead of in the vegetative or lytic form that eventually destroys the cell.template 模板The strand in a double stranded DNA molecule which is used as a model to synthesize a plementary strand of DNA or RNA during replication or transcription.thermal death point 致死溫度The lowest temperature that achieves sterilization in a given quantity of broth culture upon a 10minute exposure. Examples: 55℃for Escherichia coli, 60℃ for Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and 120℃ for spores.thermal death time 熱致死時(shí)間The least time required to kill all cells of a culture at a specified temperature.thermophile 嗜熱生物A microorganism that thrives at a temperature of 50℃ or higher.transcription 轉(zhuǎn)錄mRNA synthesis。 a cytopathic protein associated with the slowvirus spongiform encephalopathies of humans and animals.prophage 原噬菌體A lysogenized bacteriophage。 it can bear genes that code for adaptive traits。 a virus that specifically parasitizes bacteria.phenotype 表型The observable characteristics of an organism produced by the interaction between its genetic potential (genotype) and the environment.photoautotroph 光合自養(yǎng)生物An organism that utilizes light for its energy and carbon dioxide chiefly for its carbon needs.pill Small, stiff filamentous appendages in gramnegative bacteria that function in DNA exchange during bacterial conjugation.plasmids 質(zhì)粒 Extrachromosomal genetic units characterized by several features. A plasmid is a doublestranded DNA that is smaller than and replicates independently of the cell chromosome。 an obligate aerobe must have oxygen to grow。 wallless forms of some bacteria that are induced by drugs or chemicals. These forms can be involved in infections.lipopolysaceharide 脂多糖 A molecular plex of lipid and carbohydrate found in the bacterial cell wall. The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of gramnegative bacteria is an endotoxin with generalized pathologic effects such as fever.log phase 指數(shù)期Maximum rate of cell division during which growth is geometric in its rate of increase. Also called exponential growth phase.Meiosis 減數(shù)分裂 The type of cell division necessary for producing gametes in diploid organisms. Two nuclear divisions in rapid succession produce four gametocytes, each containing a haploid number of chromosomes.minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) 最低抑菌濃度The smallest concentration of drug needed to visibly control microbial growth.minimum temperature 最低溫度 The lowest temperature at which an organism will grow.missense mutation 錯(cuò)義突變A mutation in which a change in the DNA sequence results in a different amino acid being incorporated into a protein, with varying results.mitosis 有絲分裂Somatic cell division that preserves the somatic chromosome number.mycelium 菌絲 菌絲體The filamentous mass that makes up a mold. Composed of hyphae.Mycorrhizae 菌根 Various species of fungi adapted in an intimate, mutualistic relationship to plant roots.nitrification 硝化作用Phase of the nitrogen cycle in which ammonium is oxidized.nitrogen fixation固氮作用A process occurring in certain bacteria in which atmospheric N2 gas is converted to a form (NH4) usable by plants.nonsense mutation 無義突變A mutation that changes an amino acidproducing codon into a stop codon, leading to premature termination of a protein.nucleus 細(xì)胞核The central core of an atom, posed of protons and neutrons.obligate 專性
化學(xué)相關(guān)推薦
鄂ICP備17016276號-1