微生物名詞解釋-wenkub
2023-04-22 03:28:43 本頁(yè)面
【正文】 code for polypeptide. They can have regulatory functions. See exon.in vitro離體 Literally means in glass, signifying a process or reaction occurring in an artificial environment, as in a test tube or culture medium.in vivo 生物體內(nèi)Literally means “in a living being,” signifying a process or reaction occurring in a living thing.Koch’s postulates 科赫法則 A procedure to establish the specific cause of disease. In all cases of infection: ( 1 ) The agent must be found。 means of transmission is humantohuman via respiratory and ocular secretions.aerobe （需氧微生物）A microorganism that lives and grows in the presence of free gaseous oxygen (O2).aerobic respiration （需氧呼吸）Respiration in which the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain is oxygen (O2).agar （瓊脂）A polysaccharide found in seaweed and monly used to prepare solid culture media.AIDS（艾滋病） Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. The plex of signs and symptoms characteristic of the late phase of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.algae（藻類(lèi)） Photosynthetic, plantlike organisms which generally lack the plex structure of plants。 they may be singlecelled or multicellular, and inhabit diverse habitats such as marine and freshwater environments, glaciers, and hot springs.Ames test（艾姆斯氏試驗(yàn)）A method for detecting mutagenic and potentially carcinogenic agents based upon the genetic alteration of nutritionally defective bacteria.ammonification（氨化作用） Phase of the nitrogen cycle in which ammonia is released from deposing organic material.anaerobe（厭氧性微生物，厭氧菌） A microorganism that grows best, or exclusively, in the absence of oxygen.anaerobic respiration（無(wú)氧呼吸） Respiration in which the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain is an inorganic molecule containing sulfate, nitrate, nitrite, carbonate, etc.antagonism（拮抗作用） Relationship in which microorganisms pete for survival in a mon environment by taking actions that inhibit or destroy another organism.antibiotic（抗生素）A chemical substance from one microorganism that can inhibit or kill another microbe even in minute amounts.archaea（古生菌） Prokaryotic singlecelled organisms of primitive origin that have unusual anatomy, physiology and genetics, and live in harsh habitats。 (2) inoculations of a pure culture must reproduce the same disease in animals。 an obligate aerobe must have oxygen to grow。 it can bear genes that code for adaptive traits。 used as a synonym for mutualism.synergism 協(xié)同作用The coordinated or correlated action by two or more drugs or microbes that results in a heightened response or greater activity.temperate phage 溫和噬菌體A bacteriophage that enters into a less virulent state by being incorporated into the host genome as a prophage instead of in the vegetative or lytic form that eventually destroys the cell.template 模板The strand in a double stranded DNA molecule which is used as a model to synthesize a plementary strand of DNA or RNA during replication or transcription.thermal death point 致死溫度The lowest temperature that achieves sterilization in a given quantity of broth culture upon a 10minute exposure. Examples: 55℃for Escherichia coli, 60℃ for Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and 120℃ for spores.thermal death time 熱致死時(shí)間The least time required to kill all cells of a culture at a specified temperature.thermophile 嗜熱生物A microorganism that thrives at a temperature of 50℃ or higher.transcription 轉(zhuǎn)錄mRNA synthesis。 a cytopathic protein associated with the slowvirus spongiform encephalopathies of humans and animals.prophage 原噬菌體A lysogenized bacteriophage。 a virus that specifically parasitizes bacteria.phenotype 表型The observable
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