微生物名詞解釋-展示頁(yè)
2025-04-16 03:28本頁(yè)面
【正文】 fusion and meiosis.ascus（子囊） Special fungal sac in which haploid spores are created.autoclave（高壓鍋） A sterilization chamber which allows the use of steam under pressure to sterilize materials. The most mon temperature/pressure bination for an autoclave is 121℃and 15 psi.autotroph（自養(yǎng)生物） A microorganism that requires only inorganic nutrients and whose sole source of carbon is carbon dioxide.Bacillus（芽孢桿菌） Bacterial cell shape that is cylindrical (longer than it is wide).backmutation（回復(fù)突變） A mutation which counteracts an earlier mutation, resulting in the restoration of the original DNA sequence.bacteria （細(xì)菌）Category of prokaryotes with peptidoglycan in their cell wails and a single, circular chromosome. This group of small cells is widely distributed in the earth’s habitats.Bacteria (plural of bacterium) When capitalized can refer to one of the three domains of living organisms proposed by Woese, containing all non archaea prokaryotes.bacterial chromosome 細(xì)菌染色體A circular body in bacteria that contains the primary genetic material. Also called nucleoid.Bacteriophage噬菌體A virus that specifically infects bacteria.bacterium 桿菌屬A tiny unicellular prokaryotic organism that usually reproduces by binary fission and usually has a peptidoglycan cell wall, has various shapes, and can be found in virtually any environment.basidiospore（芽孢） A sexual spore that arises from a basidium. Found in basidiomycota fungi.Bdellovibrio（蛭弧菌屬） A bacterium that preys on certain other bacteria. It bores a hole into a specific host and inserts itself between the protoplast and the cell wall. There it elongates before subdividing into several cells and devouring the host cell.capsule蒴果 In bacteria, the loose, gellike covering or slime made chiefly of simple polysaccharides. This layer is protective and can be associated with virulence.Chemoautotroph 華能自養(yǎng)生物An organism that relies upon inorganic chemicals for its energy and carbon dioxide for its carbon. Also called a chemolithotroph.chemoheterotroph 華能異養(yǎng)生物Microorganisms that derive their nutritional needs from organic pounds.chemotaxis趨化性 The tendency of organisms to move in response to a chemical gradient (toward an attractant or to avoid adverse stimuli).chitin 幾丁質(zhì)A polysaccharide similar to cellulose in chemical structure. This polymer makes up the horny substance of the exoskeletons of arthropods and certain fungi.chromosome 染色體The tightly coiled bodies in cells that are the primary sites of genes.Clone無(wú)性繁殖 A colony of cells (or group of organisms) derived from a single cell (or single organism) by asexual reproduction. All units share identical characteristics. Also used as a verb to refer to the process of producing a genetically identical population of cells or genes.colony 菌落A macroscopic cluster of cells appearing on a solid medium, each arising from the multiplication of a single cell.mensalism 共棲An unequal relationship in which one species derives benefit without harming the other.conjugation結(jié)合作用 In bacteria, the contact between donor and recipient cells associated with the transfer of genetic material such as plasmids. Can involve special (sex) pili. Also a form of sexual rebination in ciliated protozoans.death phase死亡期 End of the cell growth due to lack of nutrition, depletion of environment, and accumulation of wastes. Population of cells begins to die.deposition 分解The breakdown of dead matter and wastes into simple pounds, that can be directed back into the natural cycle of living things.diffusion 擴(kuò)散The dispersal of molecules, ions, or microscopic particles propelled down a concentration gradient by
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