微生物名詞解釋(已修改)
2025-04-19 03:28 本頁(yè)面
【正文】 GlossaryActinomycetes(放線菌，放線菌屬) A group of filamentous, funguslike bacteria.active transport （主動(dòng)運(yùn)輸） Nutrient transport method that requires carrier proteins in the membranes of the living cells and the expenditure of energy.adenovirus Noenveloped DNA virus。 means of transmission is humantohuman via respiratory and ocular secretions.aerobe （需氧微生物）A microorganism that lives and grows in the presence of free gaseous oxygen (O2).aerobic respiration （需氧呼吸）Respiration in which the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain is oxygen (O2).agar （瓊脂）A polysaccharide found in seaweed and monly used to prepare solid culture media.AIDS（艾滋?。?Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. The plex of signs and symptoms characteristic of the late phase of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.algae（藻類） Photosynthetic, plantlike organisms which generally lack the plex structure of plants。 they may be singlecelled or multicellular, and inhabit diverse habitats such as marine and freshwater environments, glaciers, and hot springs.Ames test（艾姆斯氏試驗(yàn)）A method for detecting mutagenic and potentially carcinogenic agents based upon the genetic alteration of nutritionally defective bacteria.ammonification（氨化作用） Phase of the nitrogen cycle in which ammonia is released from deposing organic material.anaerobe（厭氧性微生物，厭氧菌） A microorganism that grows best, or exclusively, in the absence of oxygen.anaerobic respiration（無氧呼吸） Respiration in which the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain is an inorganic molecule containing sulfate, nitrate, nitrite, carbonate, etc.antagonism（拮抗作用） Relationship in which microorganisms pete for survival in a mon environment by taking actions that inhibit or destroy another organism.antibiotic（抗生素）A chemical substance from one microorganism that can inhibit or kill another microbe even in minute amounts.archaea（古生菌） Prokaryotic singlecelled organisms of primitive origin that have unusual anatomy, physiology and genetics, and live in harsh habitats。 when capitalized (Archaea) the term refers to one of the three domains of living organisms as proposed by Woese.arthrospore （分節(jié)孢子）A fungal spore formed by the septation and fragmentation of hyphae.ascospore （囊孢子，子囊孢子）A spore formed within a saclike cell (ascus) of Asycota following nuclear fusion and meiosis.ascus（子囊） Special fungal sac in which haploid spores are created.autoclave（高壓鍋） A sterilization chamber which allows the use of steam under pressure to sterilize materials. The most mon temperature/pressure bination for an autoclave is 121℃and 15 psi.autotroph（自養(yǎng)生物） A microorganism that requires only inorganic nutrients and whose sole source of carbon is carbon dioxide.Bacillus（芽孢桿菌） Bacterial cell shape that is cylindrical (longer than it is wide).backmutation（回復(fù)突變） A mutation which counteracts an earlier mutation, resulting in the restoration of the original DNA sequence.bacteria （細(xì)菌）Category of prokaryotes with peptidoglycan in their cell wails and a single, circular chromosome. This group of small cells is widely distributed in the earth’s habitats.Bacteria (plural of bacterium) When capitalized can refer to one of the three domains of living organisms proposed by Woese, containing all non archaea prokaryotes.bacterial chromosome 細(xì)菌染色體A circular body in bacteria that contains the primary genetic material. Also called nucleoid.Bacteriophage噬菌體A virus that specifically infects bacteria.bacterium 桿菌屬A tiny unicellular prokaryotic organism that usually reproduces by binary fission and usually has a peptidoglycan cell wall, has various shapes, and can be
化學(xué)相關(guān)推薦
鄂ICP備17016276號(hào)-1