【正文】 而如果你的愿望得到滿足是因?yàn)樗说?。女性的這種間接方式很可能是因?yàn)樗齻冊(cè)谂ふ夷撤N關(guān)系?！迸缘倪@種表達(dá)方式被稱為“隱蔽的”，該詞含有“鬼祟”和“秘密”等貶義，而這樣表達(dá)的原因歸咎于一個(gè)“權(quán)”字，女人覺(jué)得她沒(méi)有權(quán)利直接提出要求。 Experts and nonexperts alike tend to see anything women do as evidence of powerlessness. The same newspaper article quotes another psychologist as saying, “A man might ask a woman, ‘Will you please go to the store?’ where a woman might say, ‘Gee, I really need a few things from the store, but I’m so tired.’” The woman’s style is called “covert,” a term suggesting negative qualities like being “sneaky” and “underhanded.” The reason offered for this is power. The woman doesn’t feel she has the right to ask directly.專家和非專家都習(xí)慣把女性的任何行為看為低微無(wú)能的表現(xiàn)。女性回答說(shuō)：“敏感”。采訪對(duì)象是一對(duì)心理學(xué)家夫婦，當(dāng)記者問(wèn)他們“表現(xiàn)得非常有禮貌”的含義時(shí)，這兩位專家同時(shí)給出不同的答案。這也說(shuō)明了為什么專家和非專家常常把女性以友善語(yǔ)言表述出來(lái)的思維方式曲解成低微無(wú)能的表現(xiàn)。 Because they are not struggling to be oneup, women often find themselves framed as onedown. Any situation is ripe for misinterpretation. This ambiguity accounts for much misinterpretation by experts as well as nonexperts, by which women’s ways of thinking, uttered in a spirit of rapport, are branded powerless. Nowhere is this inherent ambiguity clearer than in a brief ment in a newspaper article in which a couple, both psychologists, were jointly interviewed. The journalist asked them the meaning of “being very polite.” The two experts responded simultaneously, giving different answers. The man said, “Subservience.” The woman said, “Sensitivity.”Both experts were right, but each was describing the view of a different gender. 女性不為高人一等而拼搏，往往就被認(rèn)為是低人一等。視女性的語(yǔ)言為低微無(wú)能者的語(yǔ)言常常反映出男性看女性行為的視覺(jué)角度。這種傾向?qū)е掠嘘P(guān)女性、男性和無(wú)能耐的討論紛爭(zhēng)不斷。Yeah, right.His Politeness Is Her PowerlessnessDeborah Tannen There are many different kinds of evidence that women and men are judged differently even if they talk the same way. This tendency makes mischief in discussions of women, men and power. If a linguistic strategy is used by a woman, it is seen as powerless?！?Unlike other mon diseases, the victims are often young and need significant subsequent care for decades. Most crashes are unintended, unexpected, and could have been prevented by a small difference in driver behavior.“和其他常見(jiàn)病不一樣，受害人通常很年輕，需要以后幾十年連續(xù)不斷的照顧。但是數(shù)據(jù)顯示交通罰單的數(shù)量和死亡率之間呈相關(guān)性。統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字不包括有可能在省外某地出嚴(yán)重交通事故的安大略省司機(jī)。有2位警察死于與這互不相關(guān)的事件中，當(dāng)時(shí)他們正在給另一個(gè)摩托車(chē)駕駛員開(kāi)罰單。 The researchers also addressed the monly held belief that traffic citations cause more accidents than they prevent because so many people are killed during police chases. They found that only 24 deaths could be linked to writing citations during the 11year period. That included 17 suspects, five bystanders and two police officers. The typical suspect who died was a 26yearold man pursued by police after fleeing a spot check for alcohol or a speeding violation, they report. The two police officers were killed in separate events when they were hit by a car while writing a ticket for another motorist.研究者們還澄清了一種普遍的想法：交通罰單引起的交通事故比防止的多，因?yàn)楹芏嗳耸窃诰熳匪麄儠r(shí)喪生的。 Men, however, were involved in far more fatal accidents than women (73 percent to 27 percent) and the most accidentprone age was between 30 and 50. Alcohol was detected in only 7 percent of the accidents.但是，男人要比女人更容易出嚴(yán)重交通亊故(73%比27%)，而且最容易出事故的年齡是在3050歲之間。 They also found that the relative risk reduction associated with traffic convictions was remarkably consistent among subgroups of licensed drivers, so the same results apply to women as well as men, regardless of age, prior driving record, and other personal data.他們還發(fā)現(xiàn)“在有駕照的那組司機(jī)中拿到罰單后的事故減少率的持續(xù)性是顯著的，因此同樣的結(jié)論適用于婦女和男人，而與年齡因素、以前的駕駛記錄和其他個(gè)人資料無(wú)關(guān)。 Most of the crashes did not involve alcohol and were not at an intersection, they report in their research paper. Most occurred during the summer months when the streets were dry (65 percent) rather than wet (18 percent) or covered with snow (17 percent).“多數(shù)撞車(chē)不是因?yàn)榫坪篑{車(chē)，也不是發(fā)生在十字路口，”他們?cè)谘芯繄?bào)告中這樣報(bào)道。對(duì)多數(shù)司機(jī)來(lái)說(shuō)，經(jīng)過(guò)這短暫的歇息，一切又都恢復(fù)到從前了。分析表明罰單能使重大事故率下降35%。s a protective effect of having a ticket.統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)家提波施拉尼說(shuō):“我們看了一下出重大事故前一個(gè)月的交通罰單數(shù)和前一年同一個(gè)月的罰單數(shù)，發(fā)現(xiàn)出重大事故前一個(gè)月的罰單要比前一年同一個(gè)月的罰單少，這說(shuō)明罰單有保護(hù)作用。其中8?伊凡斯研究交通罰單是否真能起到好作用時(shí)，他們?cè)诩幽么蟮陌泊舐允“l(fā)現(xiàn)了數(shù)量巨大的司機(jī)資料。500萬(wàn)人因交通事故永遠(yuǎn)殘廢了，而且他們當(dāng)中(包括死去的)很多是孩子。如果一年內(nèi)那么多人死于非典的話，大家很可能會(huì)恐懼得發(fā)瘋了，然而我 They were prodded into this project by some very grim statistics. Each year, more than a million persons die in traffic accidents worldwide. If that many people died of SARS in a year, the public response would probably border on hysteria, but we have e to accept traffic fatalities as a way of life.他們之所以參與這個(gè)項(xiàng)目是受到一些殘酷無(wú)情的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)的驅(qū)使?，F(xiàn)在他們又來(lái)了，說(shuō)交通罰單對(duì)我們的健康有好處。他們倆都是醫(yī)學(xué)研究者，這已不是他們第一次盯著高速公路安全問(wèn)題了。ve taken a hard look at highway safety. Their 1998 study caused a stir when they linked cell phone usage to traffic accidents. Now they39。The Grim Statistics無(wú)情的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)椐 That attitude needs to be changed, according to Donald A. Redelmeier of the University of Toronto and Robert J. Tibshirani of Stanford University. Both men are medical researchers, and this isn39。t like traffic cops, and there are lots of other things for the government to spend money on than enforcing highway safety laws. 根據(jù)6月28日發(fā)表在《柳葉刀》上的研究，最根本的一點(diǎn)就是交通罰單能救命，它很可能每年能救成千上萬(wàn)條命。似是這個(gè)作用不會(huì)持續(xù)很長(zhǎng)。s chance of being involved in a fatal accident by a whopping 35 percent, at least for a few weeks. The effect doesn39。命，或者救別的什么人的命。他是你在高速公路上疾馳時(shí)最不愿意在后視鏡里看見(jiàn)的人。re speeding down the highway. Why isn39。許多分析家（包括本人）均認(rèn)為這種關(guān)系十分危險(xiǎn)Do Traffic Tickets Save Lives?交通罰單能救命嗎？Pity the poor traffic cop. He39。其中潛在的威脅是為爭(zhēng)奪石油資源而引起的沖突。The only other external cost that might match the devastating impact of global climate change is the risk of causing or aggravating largescale military conflict. One such threat is the potential for conflict over access to petroleum resources. Another threat is the link between nuclear energy and the spread of nuclear weapons. The issue is hardly less plex and controversial than the link between CO2 and climate。這些氣體包括：由于毀林和燃燒礦物燃料所造成的二氧化碳，由秸稈、牲畜糞便和使用石油天然氣所排放的甲烷，以及由于燃料燃燒和施肥所排放的一氧化二氮。 and nitrous oxides from fuel bustions and fertilizer use.，對(duì)人類威脅最大、在許多情況下卻又最讓人類無(wú)計(jì)可施的