【正文】 例1. People were afraid to leave their houses, for although the police had been ordered to stand by in case of emergency, they were just as confused and helpless as 。從電視里還可以看到層出不窮、既有教育意義又有娛樂性的新節(jié)目。例1. The number of the young people in the United States who can’t read is incredible about one in four.例2. Television, it is often said, keeps one informed about current events, allows one to follow the latest developments in science and politics, and offers an endless series of programmes which are both instructive and entertaining.分析: 在此長句中，有一個插入語“it is often said”，三個并列的謂語結(jié)構(gòu)，還有一個定語從句，這三個并列的謂語結(jié)構(gòu)盡管在結(jié)構(gòu)上同屬于同一個句子，但都有獨立的意義，因此在翻譯時，可以采用分句法，按照漢語的習(xí)慣把整個句子分解成幾個獨立的分句。 they would devour all our crops and kill our flocks and herds, if it were not for the protection we get from insecteating animals.分句有時英語長句中主語或主句與修飾詞的關(guān)系并不十分密切，翻譯時可以按照漢語多用短句的習(xí)慣，把長句的從句或短語化成句子，分開來敘述。這個問題因此而顯得越來越重要了?！啊兊迷絹碓街匾笔侵骶洌彩侨涞闹行膬?nèi)容，全句共有三個謂語結(jié)構(gòu)，包含三層含義：A. ……變的越來越重要；B. 如果要使學(xué)生充分利用他們的機(jī)會；C. 得為他們提供大量更為詳盡的信息，作更多的指導(dǎo)。s life of all the dead, great and obscure, who once walked the earth, and of wonderful and awful possibilities of being a human being.練習(xí)15. If parents were prepared for this adolescent reaction, and realized that it was a sign that the child was growing up and developing valuable powers of observation and independent judgment , they would not be so hurt, and therefore would not drive the child into opposition by resenting and resisting it.逆序英語有些長句的表達(dá)次序與漢語表達(dá)習(xí)慣不同, 甚至完全相反, 這時必須從原文后面開始翻譯。 it grows as a mature interest in the variety and plexity of the drama, the splendid achievements and terrible failures。練習(xí)12.Congress has made laws requiring most pressure groups to give information about how much they spend and how they spend it, the amount and sources of funds, membership, and names and salaries of their representatives.拆譯例：Human beings have distinguished themselves from other animals, and in doing so ensured their survivals, by the ability to observe and understand their environment and then either to adapt to that environment or to control and adapt it to their own needs.重組例：The saga of the White Star Liner Titanic, which struck an iceberg and sank on its maiden voyage in 1912, carrying more than 1500 passengers to their death, has been celerated in print and on film, in poetry and song.順序法當(dāng)英語長句的內(nèi)容的敘述層次與漢語基本一致時, 譯文可沿用英語原文的順序。英譯漢長句翻譯原則：化整為零 分散解決。e. 注意插入語等其他成分。例如，是否為主語從句， 賓語從句， 表語從句等，若是狀語，它是表示時間、原因、結(jié)果、還是表示條件等等。b. 找出非謂語動詞、介詞短語和從句的引導(dǎo)詞等“節(jié)點”詞，以及句中所有謂語結(jié)構(gòu)。練習(xí)11.He was told that two of them seemed unlikely to make the grade.f)特殊表達(dá)的翻譯下面是一些常用被動句型的習(xí)慣譯法：It is hoped that... 希望，有人希望It is assumed that... 假設(shè)，假定It is claimed that... 據(jù)說，有人主張It is believed that... 有人想信，大家相信It is reported that... 據(jù)報道，據(jù)通報It is considered that... 人們認(rèn)為，據(jù)估計It is said that... 據(jù)說，有人說It is supposed that... 據(jù)推測，人們猜測It has been announced that... 已經(jīng)宣布It is asserted that... 有人主張It is rumored that... 有人主張It is rumored that... 聽說，謠傳It is noticed that... 有人指出，人們注意到It is suggested that... 有人建議，建議It is reputed that... 人們認(rèn)為，可以認(rèn)為It is learned that... 據(jù)說，據(jù)聞，已經(jīng)查明It is demonstrated that... 據(jù)證實，已經(jīng)證明It is estimated that... 據(jù)估計，有人估計It is estimated that... 有人指出，人們指出It is pointed out that... 有人推薦，有人建議It is proposed that... 有人提出It was told that... 有人曾經(jīng)說It was first intended that... 最初就有這樣的想法It will be said that... 有人會說It will be seen from this that... 由此可見，因此可知It was noted above that... 前面已經(jīng)指出It must be admitted that... 必須承認(rèn)，老實說It has been illustrated that... 據(jù)圖示，據(jù)說明It is stressed that... 有人強(qiáng)調(diào)說It is stressed that... 有人列舉出了It can not be denied that... 無可否認(rèn)It can be said without exaggeration that... 可以毫不夸張的說It is sometimes asked that...人們有時會問It was felt that... 有人認(rèn)識到了It is universally accepted that... 人們普遍認(rèn)為It is unanimously agreed that... 大家一致同意It is alleged that... 據(jù)說It is calculated that... 據(jù)計算It has been proved that... 已經(jīng)證明It has been found that... 人們已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)It is still to be hoped that... 我們?nèi)匀幌Ｍ鸌t is wellknown that... 眾所周知，大家都知道It should be realized that... 我們應(yīng)該認(rèn)識到……4） 長句處理一般來說, 造成長句的原因有三方面: (1) 修飾語過多；(2) 并列成分多；(3) 語言結(jié)構(gòu)層次多。c) 被動結(jié)構(gòu)保持不變例：At the end of the month he was fired for inpetence. 譯文：月底他因不能勝任工作而被解雇了。）3）被動語態(tài)的翻譯漢語被動句：“被”、“受”、“由”、“為……所”。She never es but she borrow.參考譯文：她不借東西不來。（可以省略連接詞而不翻譯）（二）有時候，如果在主句中含有“never, never so, not so, not such”等否定詞，“but that和but what”也可以連接結(jié)果狀語從句，構(gòu)成雙重否定。He made a wrong decision, so that half of his lifetime was wasted.參考譯文：他做了錯誤的決定，結(jié)果浪費了自己半生的時間。They hid themselves behind some bushed for fear that the enemy should find them.參考譯文：他們躲在樹叢后面，以防被敵人發(fā)現(xiàn)。We should start early so that we might get there before noon.參考譯文：我們應(yīng)該早點動身，以便中午能夠趕到那里。We should start early so that we might get there before noon.參考譯文：為了正午以前趕到那里，我們很早就動身了。一般來說，這種表示“為了”的目的狀語從句通常放在主句前面翻譯。五、目的狀語從句在英語中，連接目的狀語從句的連接詞常常有：that（為了，以便），so that（為了，以便），lest（以防），in case（以防，以免），for fear that（以防）in order that（為了）等等。Granted that you don’t like the proposal, you shouldn’t have rejected it without consulting others.參考譯文：即使你不喜歡這個建議，你也不應(yīng)該沒有同別人商量就把它否決了。翻譯的時候，通常把這些讓步狀語從句翻譯在主句前面。You can drive tonight if you are ready.參考譯文：你今晚就可以出車，如果你愿意的話No doubt I could earned something if I had really meant to.參考譯文：毫無疑問，我本來是可以賺到一點的，如果我真有那樣打算的話?！叭绻?、“要是”、“假如”等都是漢語中用來表示“假設(shè)”的常用關(guān)聯(lián)詞。If you tell me about it, then I shall be able to decide.參考譯文：假如你把一切都告訴我，那么我就能夠作出決定。（一）翻譯在主句前面。三、條件狀語從句英語中連接條件狀語從句的連接詞常常有：if（如果），unless（除非，如果不），providing that（假如），so long as（只要），on condition that（條件是），suppose that（假如），in case（如果），only if（只要），if only（但愿，要是...就好了）等。not與because發(fā)生關(guān)系，常常要翻譯成“并不是因為...”。Theory is valuable because it can provide a direction for practice.參考譯文：理論之所以有價值，是因為它能給實踐指出方向。如果把原因狀語從句放在主句后面翻譯的話，有時候可以用漢語的“之所以...是因為”的結(jié)構(gòu)來連接。然而，英語則比較靈活，狀語從句可以在主句前，也可以在主句后面。Because he was convinced of the accuracy of this fact, he stuck to his opinion.參考譯文：他對這件事情的正確性深信不疑，因此堅持己見。（一）譯成表示“原因”的分句，放在主句之前翻譯，顯示“前因后果”的關(guān)系。二、原因狀語從句英語中，原因狀語從句的連接