【正文】 above 在此句中的意思是 。 Aging in European Countries We have to realize how old， how very old， we are. Nations are classified as “aged” when they have 7 per cent or more of their people aged 65 or above， （ 1） and by about 1970 every one of the advanced countries had bee like this .of the really ancient societies， with over 13 per cent above 65， all are in Northwestern Europe.（ 2） At the beginning of the I980?s East Germany had per cent， Austria， Sweden， West Germany and France had per cent or above， and England and Wales per cent. Scotland had per cent. Northern Ireland per cent and the United States per cent. We know that we are getting even older， and that the nearer a society approximates to zero population growth， the older its population is likely to be at least， for any future that concerns us now.（ 3） （ 1） Nations are classified as “aged” when they have 7 percent or more of their people aged 65 or above. 當一個國家有 7% 或更多的人到 65歲以上時，這個國家就被列為老齡化國家之列。 to： 對 … 的阻力，抵制 There will be fierce resistance to these proposals. 21 這些提議將會遭到激烈的抵制。 詞組： phrases approximate to： 大體是，近于，近似，與 … 接近 Your latest design approximates much more closely to what I understand the building to be like. 你的最新設(shè)計與我所想的那房子的模樣接近得多了。 ： n. 期待，預(yù)料 派生詞： expect v. 期待，期望 The size of the loss was beyond all of our expectations. 損失的數(shù)目超出了我們所有人的預(yù)料。 近義詞： ignore v. 忽視，不顧（主要指故意忽視，不管）； 例： I said hello to her， but she ignored me pletely. 我向她打招呼，她竟不理睬我。 Don?t neglect to lock the door when your leave. 離開時別忘了鎖門。 There is a plan to lengthen the threeyear course to four years. 有計劃要將這個三年制課程延長為四年。 20 Conditions have altered radically. 情況發(fā)生了根本的變化。 ： v. 改變，改動 The waiter apologized the altered the figure on the bill. 服務(wù)員道了歉并把賬單上的數(shù)目改了過來。 We must acknowledge his letter. 我們必須告訴他已經(jīng)收到了他的來信。 Their appreciation of the performance was expressed in loud cheers. 熱烈的喝彩表達了他們對演出的贊賞。 ： n. 欣賞，感激 派生詞： appreciate v. I have great appreciation of Shakespeare. 我非常欣賞莎士比亞。 His earnings are out of proportion to his skill and ability. 他的收入與他的技術(shù)能力很不相稱。 Memory can be classified as short term memory and long term memory. 記憶可分為長期記憶和短期記憶。 預(yù)期壽命正在變長。一個社會的人口增長率越接近零，它的人口就可能越老齡化。 講義九 Text A Aging in European Countries 課文簡介 在過去 50年中，歐洲國家的人口年齡結(jié)構(gòu)經(jīng)歷了巨大的變化：所有的發(fā)達國家都進入了老齡化行列，并且老齡化的趨勢還在繼續(xù)。 ：快速旅行對人體的影響比我們意識到的要大得多。 16 delays the body clock in the morning， and advances _____ at night. （ ） coffee body 答案： A 分析：本句是個并列句， and 連接的兩個句子結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)一致。而選項 D 中 as 的后面還有一個詞 same . 因為 same 表示的意思也是同樣，與 … 同樣的意思與 as … as 意義重復(fù)，因此不選 D. what Jet Lag is， and how a careful diet can minimize its worst effects， ______. （ ） flight will be less stressful your flights will be less stressful your flights will be less stressful order that your flights will be less stressful 答案： B 分析：本句是一個 and 連接的并列句。 It is not feasible to wait a few days until the body?s regulatory mechanisms are used to the new time zone. 歷年考題 practical application， concentration is not _____ the definition may imply. （ ） simple to deal successfully with as simple to deal successfully with that to deal successfully with as that same simple to deal successfully with as 答案： A 考點：本題主要考查 as … as 搭配表示 “和 … 。 Protein in food stimulates wakefulness， while carbohydrates promote sleep. 。 It is not difficult to understand the disturbing effects of rapid travel on the body. It is not difficult to realize that the disturbing effects on the body are caused by rapid travel. 。但是 “l(fā)ess”即 “l(fā)ittle”的比較級也修飾不可數(shù)名詞。 語法 練習(xí) 一、補充語法知識 形容詞和副詞的比較級 +than steel is harder than iron. ，表示強調(diào)或稍微。 fact that some exceptional people do well under adverse conditions scarcely justifies your assuming that you are exceptional in the same manner. 第一個 that 引導(dǎo)同位語從句， 第二個 that 是動名詞 assuming 的賓語從句 justify 意為 “證明 …” ，它的賓語是動名詞 assuming， 物主代詞 your 是動名詞 assuming的邏輯主語。在 … 起到一個重要作用。 that 引導(dǎo)同位語從句，修飾 the argument 典型的情況是，當要求學(xué)生們拿出關(guān)于干擾物的證據(jù)時，他們提出自己的表兄弟、朋友或同學(xué)能在紐約的 “中 央火車站 ”學(xué)習(xí)。 ROUTINE AND REASONING TASKS ARE AFFECTED DIFFERENTLY BY DISTARCTORS Many routine tasks can be performed with distraction in the background with little or no adverse effect on output. Most students have found this fact to be true from their own experience. They may have had high school homework which was drill or merely copying assignments. It was possible to do such work with the latest recordings or the television set playing in the background. In time such students began to feel certain that they could do all work routine or problem solving in the same manner.⑴ The evidence indicates the contrary conclusion. time such students began to feel certain that they could do all work——routine or problemsolving ——in the same manner. In time 最后，在不定的時間內(nèi)，最終 feel certain 相當于 feel sure，意為 “感到肯定 ” 本句中 that 引導(dǎo)賓語從句， 最后（終于）這些學(xué)生開始確信，他們能用同樣的方式完成作業(yè)，無論是常規(guī)性的還是解決問題性的。 how we feel and react 是介詞 to 的賓語從句 全句大意：環(huán)境對于我們?nèi)绾胃杏X和反應(yīng)的重要性比我們所想的要大得多。 to … 全句大意：人與人的情緒反應(yīng)差異很大。 Emotions are the most powerful distractors The angry man fets the pain of injury， the fearful man finds it difficult to enjoy pleasure and the tense or anxious person may react violently to the smallest of matters.? In the student?s life there are many psychological pressures and tensions which block effective productivity. The fears about making the grade， the doubts of the friendliness of a friend?s behaviour and the pressures of limited friendliness of a friend?s behaviour and the pressures of limited finances these are only a few of the emotional forces which affect the student. angry man fets the pain of injury， the fearful man finds it difficult to enjoy pleasure a